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my revision > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

How do you describe skin lesions

A
  • Site,
    -size
    , shape,
    -mobility
    -consistency (firm? hard? soft? bony?rubbery? fluctuant)
    -overlying skin
    -pulsatile?
    -compressive?- does it fill and rempty
    sinus involvement?
  • nerve involvement?
    -lymphadenopathy?
  • other skin lumps
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2
Q

What are the derivatives of pigmented lesions

A
  • Vasculaar
  • melanin
  • foreign object
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3
Q

What is the colour of the lesion determined by?

A
  1. depth of lesion (purple if deep, red if superficial
  2. Blood flow (oxygenated is brighter red)
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4
Q

How does Telangiectasia present?

A

Red small spots

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5
Q

How does Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia present

A
  • genetic
  • defect in vessel walls (assocviated woth frequent noseblee
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6
Q

How does Spider Naveus present

A

Red spider like lesion
- associated with liver diease

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7
Q

Where are melanocytes present

A

Basal layer. same number in all but how much melanin produced differs

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8
Q

What is a melanoma, risk factors & how to avoid it

A

Invasivr pigmented lesion
can be aggressive
- most common on trunk and legs

risk factors: UV radiation
Prevention: slip, slap, slop (top, suncream, shade)

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9
Q

7 features of melanoma

A

change in size
irregular border
irregular pigmentation
itch/ altered sensation
larger than other
inflammation
oozing

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10
Q

How does Basal cell carcinoma present and its associations

A

Non-melanoma skin cancer
- presents as a slow growing lesion on face and neck
- pearly edges
- ulcerated as they get bigger
- basal cell carcinoma vary when they leave and come back

associations: uv, older age, lots of time outdoors

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11
Q

How does squamous cell carcinoma differ to BCC

A
  • More aggressive- more likely to ulcerate
  • ## more likely to metastasie
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12
Q

How is skin cancer treated

A
  1. early diagnosis is key: biospy, staging and grading, CT/ MRI
    - primary lesion treated wide local excision: 4mm for BCC, 20mm clearnace fgor melanoma
  2. TMN grading
  3. Chemotherapy/ immunotherapy/ teargete
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13
Q

What are the signs of measales

A

resolves in 7-10 days
- small number develop meningitis, pneuomonia

  • dry cough, body pains, sore throat, koplik spots, light sensitive
  • loss of appetite
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14
Q

What are the risks of rubella

A

High risk to pregnancy: <20 weeks, foetal abnormalities, deafness

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15
Q

What is chickenpox

A

Varicella Zoster virus- lays dormannt in the dorsal root horns

  • up to years
  • triggered by stress/ immunocompromised (

different dermatomes are affected

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16
Q

What are the different type of herpes simplex virus

A

HS1- Oral to oral contact
primary herpetic gingivostomatitis- vesicles in labial mucosa/ tongue
(dormant in trigeminal ganglion)
- reactivated by stress/ steroids/ UV radiation

HSV2: Genital contacts, STD
- Blister that ruptures

17
Q

What is the tx of herpes

A

Acyclovir
inhibit DNA replication
- shortens the length of illness
- prevent viral replication

18
Q

What conditions are associated with herpes

A
  1. Ocular herpes- cataracts, gylcoma
  2. Herpetic whitlow:
    - painful,red, swollen finger/ nail
19
Q

Which HPV cause cancer

A

16 &18
- link to cervical, head and neck, genital warts

20
Q

What is the tx of HPV

A

Self limiting
cryotherapy
salicylic acid

21
Q

What is erysipelas

A

streptococcus infection
- invade through sfot tissues
- tender/ sore skin, oedema, clear margins

22
Q

How is erysipelas mx

A
  1. draw blue to track margins
  2. Antibiotics
23
Q

What is impetigo

A

mixture of staphylococcus and streptococcus

  • tender area form vesicles with localised redness
  • yellow crust
24
Q

What is eczema cycle?

A

type 1 hypersensitivity, IgE mediated, histamine

target: damp, moist area, flexor surfaces on arms and legs

  1. broken skin
  2. increased permeability
  3. Antigen entry
  4. inflammation
  5. brokem skin
25
Q

What is the management of eczema

A

break the cycle
- moisturiser: skin emolients with fats
- topical antihistamine
- topical steroids

26
Q

What is psorasis

A

Inflammatory condition: unknown cause

HLA association: increased rate of skin proliferation, increased thickness of skin

  • white, itchy, shiny, scaly patches
27
Q

What is the tx for psorasis

A
  • aims to slow down keratinocytes proliferation
    -vitamin D
    -phototherapy
  • systemic steroids
28
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematous ***

A

varies in severity
- autoimmune disorder: present in other ways
1. skin, joint, kidney, liver, GIT, vascular blood

-can block

presentations: butterftyl rash, joint ache, kidney problems

29
Q

What is discoid lupus erythematosis

A

Discs of skin that breakdown and form vesicles

30
Q

What is the management of lupus

A

depends on severity: steroids, methotrexate, biological response modifiers

31
Q

What is scleroderma

A

Thickening & hardening of skin
- may affect GI tract & other organs
- cause obstructions/ restrictions
- may result in raynauds: poor perfusion
- renal crisis

32
Q

What is lichen planus

A

immunologically mediated : distinctive t- cell infiltrate
- idiopathic

potentially:
- drugs: oral lichenoid drug reactions
- dental restorative materials
- viral infections (Hep C)

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of lichen planus

A

cluster of red/white patches
- Wickhams striae (white streaks)
- koebner phenomenon: scratch healthy skin, develop diseases in that area

34
Q

What are the oral manifestations of lichen planus

A

reticular with wickhams striae
- desequamative gingivits: typical appearance of wide range
- erosive lichen planus: atrophy, erosion of mucosa

35
Q

What is the management of lichen planus?

A

diflam, (benzydamine hydrochloride )mouthwash
Occasionally steroids: topical/ systemic
SLS free toothpaste

36
Q

What is pemphigus & pemphigoid

A

auto-immune disease
- production of vesicles/ bullae: blisters and ulcerations

37
Q

What is pemphigus ?

A

pemphigus?
- DESOSOMES: Holding skin together
- intrapeithelial vesicles
form delicate bullae tat are easily broken
- appear more flat

38
Q

What is by pemphigoid

A

antibodies attaching HEMIDESMOSOMES- hold. basal layer and cells against membrane

subeptiehlial lesions- seem more bulbous>

39
Q

What are the signs of lichen planus

A

flat planar
multiple sites
papular- less than 5mm
plaques- greater than 5mm
purple
itchy
in mouth- wickmans straie

my revision (13 decks)

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