skin Flashcards
1
Q
fxn of skin
A
- Protection
- Prevents Penetration
- Perception
- Temperature Regulation
- Identification
- Communication
- Wound Repair
- Absorption & Excretion
- Production of Vitamin D
2
Q
hair
A
- Threads of keratin—hair shaft and bulb matrix
- Types of hair—vellus and terminal
- Follicle—cyclical with active and resting phases
3
Q
sebaceous glands
A
- Sebum—secreted lipid substance through hair follicles
- Lubricate skin and form emulsion
4
Q
sweat glands
A
- Eccrine produce sweat.
- Apocrine produce milky secretion and open into hair follicles
5
Q
nails
A
- Hard plates of keratin on dorsal edges of fingers and toes
6
Q
inspect and palpate
A
- Color
- General pigmentation
- Amounts of melanin
- Amounts of carotene
- Common pigmented areas
- Freckles
- Moles
- birthmarks
7
Q
inspect color and temp
A
- Color
- Pallor (white)
- Erythema (red)
- Cyanosis (blue)
- Jaundice (yellow)
- Temp
- Use dorsal to palpate and check bilaterally
- should be equal
- hypothermia - low temp
- hyperthermia - high temp
8
Q
inspect moisture, texture, and thickness
A
- moisture
- perspiration on hands, face, axilla, and skinfolds in response to activity, a warm environment, or anxiety
dehydration: notice in mucous membranes – should look smooth and moist
- perspiration on hands, face, axilla, and skinfolds in response to activity, a warm environment, or anxiety
- texture: should feel smooth and firm with even surface
- thickness: epidermis is uniformly thin
9
Q
inspect and palpate for edema
A
- Fluid accumulating in intercellular spaces
- Not present normally
- Checked by imprinting thumbs firmly for 3-4 seconds against ankle malleolus or tibia
- Grade
- 1+ Mild
- 2+ Moderate
- 3+ Deep
- 4+ Very Deep
- Scale is subjective
- May mask normal skin color and obscures pathologic conditions such as jaundice & cyanosis because the fluid lies between the surface and the pigmented layers
10
Q
inspect and palpate mobility and turgor
A
- Pinch up a large fold of skin under the clavicle (some also
use skin over sternum) - Mobility is the ease of rising
- Turgor is ability to return to place when released
- tenting = sign of dehydration
11
Q
inspect and palpate vascularity and bruising
A
- Document presence or absence
- Cherry (senile) angiomas (small raised bright red dots)
- Common in patients over age 30
- Cherry (senile) angiomas (small raised bright red dots)
- bruising
12
Q
inspect and palpate lesions
A
- If present, note
- Color
- Elevation (how tall in cm)
- Pattern/shape (pattern (grouping) or all over body)
- Size in centimeters (use ruler)
- Location & distribution –> where is it? did it travel up the body?
- Any exudates –> drainage –> how much? what color is it? what does it smell like?
- Palpate wearing gloves
- Use light/magnifier for closer inspection
- Use a Wood’s light for fluorescing lesions (fungal infections)
13
Q
inspect and palpate hair color and texture
A
- color
- Color comes from melanin
production - Graying begins as early as 3rd decade
- Affected by genetics
- Color comes from melanin
- texture
- Fine or thick
- Straight, curly, kinky
- Should look shiny
14
Q
inspect and palpate hair distribution and lesions
A
- distribution: fine vellus hair coats the body. coarse (eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp)
- lesions: separate hair into sections and lift up to observe the scalp
- inspect behind the ears and in occipital area
- should be free from lesions or pest inhabitants
15
Q
inspect and palpate nails – shape and contour
A
- Normally slightly curved or flat
- Posterior & lateral folds are
smooth - Edges are smooth, rounded,
& clean
