musculoskeletal

Question 1

musculoskeletal system components

Answer 1

• Non-synovial or Synovial Joints
• Muscles
• Temporomandibular Joints
• Spine
• Shoulder
• Elbow
• Wrist & Carpals
• Hip
• Knee
• Ankle & Foot

Question 2

subjective data

Answer 2

• Joints:
  
  • Pain
  • Stiffness
  • Swelling, heat, redness
  • Limitation of movement
• Muscles
  
  • Pain/cramps
  • when does it happen? could be musculoskel. or peripheral vascular
• Bones:
  
  • Pain
  • Deformity
  • Trauma
    
    • Fractures
    • Sprains
    • Dislocations

Question 3

supplies

Answer 3

– Tape measure (looking at girth. can use to measure length)
– Skin marking pin (sharpie)

Question 4

inspection

Answer 4

• Size of each joint
• Contour of each joint
• Observe for color, swelling, masses or deformity

Question 5

palpation

Answer 5

• Each joint
  – Skin for temperature –> backs of hands
  – Muscles
  – Bony articulations –> wrists, ankles, knees, hip
  – Area of joint capsule
• Note heat, tenderness, swelling, or masses
• Synovial membrane normally is not palpable

Question 6

active ROM (volunary)

Answer 6

– Stabilize the joint being moved
– If a limitation is noted, gently attempt PROM

Question 7

passive ROM

Answer 7

– Anchor joint with one hand
– Use other hand to move joint to its limit
– Use goniometer to measure angles precisely

Question 8

normal motion DOES NOT cause what?

Answer 8

• tenderness, pain, or crepitation
• crepitation ex: moving should and hearing crackling

Question 9

abduction

Answer 9

away from midline

Question 10

adduction

Answer 10

• adding it back to midline

Question 11

hyperextension

Answer 11

• arms back
• how noah ho would run

Question 12

flexion

Answer 12

lifting of arms

Question 13

extension

Answer 13

by side

Question 14

plantar flexion

Answer 14

on tip toes

Question 15

dorsiflexion

Answer 15

• toes pointing up

Question 16

inversion

Answer 16

• big toe up

Question 17

eversion

Answer 17

• pinky toe up

Question 18

flexion of hands

Answer 18

• fingers pointing down

Question 19

extension of hand

Answer 19

• fingers pointing up

Question 20

muscle testing

Answer 20

• Test the strength of each joint
  – Repeat same motions as used for active ROM
  – Ask person to flex as you apply opposing force

Question 21

TMJ

Answer 21

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM
* Vertical motion
* Lateral motion
* Protrude without deviation
- found in jaw below the ears

Question 22

cervical spine

Answer 22

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM
* Hyperextension – looking up
* Flexion – bringing neck forward
* Rotation – rotating body
* Lateral bending – going all the way down on the left and right

Question 23

shoulders

Answer 23

• Inspect
  – Palpate
  – Test ROM & muscle strength
  
  • Forward flexion
  • Hyperextension
  • Internal rotation
  • External rotation
  • Abduction
  • Adduction

Question 24

elbow

Answer 24

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM & muscle
strength
* Flexion
* Extension
* Pronation – facing down
* Supination – facing up

Question 25

wrist and hands

Answer 25

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM & muscle strength
* Flexion
* Extension
* Palmar flexion
* Hyperextension – holding fingers back
* Ulnar deviation – tilting hand so thumb is down
* Radial deviation – radial hand so pinky is down
* Abduction
* Touch thumb to each
finger & base of little finger

Question 26

wrist and hands phalen’s test

Answer 26

– Hold wrists back-to-back while flexing wrists 90 degrees
– Produces burning & numbness if carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 27

wrists and hands tinel’s sign

Answer 27

– Direst percussion at location of medial nerve
– Produces burning & tingling if carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 28

hips

Answer 28

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM & muscle strength
* Flexion with knee straight
* Extension with knee
straight
* Flexion with knee flexed
* Extension with knee flexed
* Abduction (moving leg away)
* Adduction (moving knee back to body)
* External rotation
* Internal rotation

Question 29

knee

Answer 29

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM & muscle strength
* Flexion – bending knee up and foot behind us
* Extension
* Hyperextension – towards the front
* Duck Walk (shows intact ligaments & no arthritis) – squat and walk on feet
– Special Tests
* Bulge Sign (confirms small amounts of fluid in suprapatellar pouch)
* Ballottement of Patella (confirms large amounts of fluid)
* McMurray’s Test (used to test for meniscal tears)

Question 30

ankle and foot

Answer 30

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM & muscle strength
* Dorsiflexion (up)
* Plantar flexion (down)
* Eversion (little toe up)
* Inversion (big toe up)

Question 31

spine

Answer 31

– Inspect
– Palpate
– Test ROM & muscle strength
* Flexion
* Extension
* Right lateral bending
* Left lateral bending
* Rotation
– Walk on toes a few steps &
return on heels
– Special Tests
* Straight leg raising
(LaSegue’s Test)
* Measure leg length
discrepancy