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Health Assessment- Respiratory > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what is the heaviest organ in the body

A

Skin Largest, heaviest organ—16% of body weight

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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

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3
Q

what are the endocrine glands

A

Apocrine gland
Eccrine gland
Sebaceous glands

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4
Q

what is the epidermis

A

superficial, thin layer of skin

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5
Q

epidermis

A

Contains 5 layers or strata – Outer layer is dead keratinized cells

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6
Q

what is the dermis

A

Thicker than epidermis ranging from 1‐4 mm – Multiple structures

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7
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Adipose tissue

Thins with aging

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8
Q

what are the multiple structure of the dermis

A

Vasculature

  • Apocrine glands—Axillary and
    groin.
  • Nerves – Open onto hair follicles
  • Hair follicles – Responsible for body odor – Arrector pili—goosebumps
  • Eccrine glands—sweat glands – Sebaceous glands—secrete fatty
    substance – Function cooling
  • Melanocytes
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9
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Axillary and
groin.

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10
Q

nerves

A

Open onto hair follicles

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11
Q

hair follicles

A

Responsible for body odor

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12
Q

another name for goose bumps

A

another name for Arrector pili

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13
Q

subcutaneous glands

A

secrete fatty
substance – Function cooling

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14
Q

Eccrine glands

A

another name for sweat glands

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15
Q

what is involved in a skin assessment

A

Color
* Moisture
* Temperature
* Texture
* Turgor
* Mobility
* Hygiene
* Lesions

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16
Q

what areas exposed and unexposed to sun

A

palms, soles,
hips, genitalia, & bony areas.

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17
Q

what do you look for in lighter skinned people

A

—assess at fingertips, nailbeds, lips
mucosa

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18
Q

what do you look for in dark skinned people

A

assess mucus membranes

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19
Q

how do you assess for jaundice

A

Use natural light

–Blanche

–Check sclera

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20
Q

what can diaphoresis tell us about

A

can indicate a fever or hypermetabolic state

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21
Q

Dry, parched & cracked lips may indicate________

A

What part of body indicates dehydration

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22
Q

how to assess temperature. what part of body

A

use back of hand

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23
Q

what to look for in texture of skin

A

Normal skin feels smooth & firm with an even surface.

–Most reliable place to check is inner aspect of the arm.

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24
Q

how do we assess turgor in adults

A

pinch skin under clavicle
* Tenting indicates pinch skin under clavicle

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25
Q

what does tenting indicate

A

________ indicates dehydration

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26
Q

how do we assess turgor in infnats

A

pinch skin on lateral abdomen at line of umbilicus

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27
Q

what does hygiene tell us about

A

Mental, emotional health – Social determinants of health
* Health disparities
* Financial resources
* Health insurance
* Environmental factors—home, neighborhood, county

28
Q

description of lesions

A

Shapes

–Round

–Target

–Oval

–Annular-ring

29
Q

primary lesion

A

not changed, how it started

30
Q

secondary lesion

A

how lesion changed

31
Q

what to look for in lesions

A

Primary lesions—not changed, how it started
* Secondary lesions—how lesion changed
* Rash or growth
* Size, depth, shape, and borders
* Palpable or nonpalpable
* Color, consistency, & smell
* Tender or non‐tender
* Fluid filled or not, type of fluid
* Distribution & configuration

32
Q

what are primary lesions

A

Macule
* Papule
* Nodule
* Papulo‐squamous
* Vesicle
* Bulla—large blister
* Pustule
* Wheal—hives

33
Q

macule

A

Flat
* Not palpable

34
Q

papule

A

Raised
* Palpable
* Less than 0.5 cm
* Nodule –over 0.5 to 1 cm

35
Q

Papulosquamous

A

Papular and squamous –“Squamous” is always scaly – Bumpy and scaly
* This is an annular lesion –Note the ring shape

36
Q

vesicle

A

Fluid filled blister
* E.g. chickenpox, poison ivy

37
Q

Bulla (plural: bullae)

A

Large vesicle
* Over 0.5 cm

38
Q

pustule

A

Vesicle filled with pus

39
Q

wheal

A

Hives”
* Circumscribed dermal edema
* Scattered distribution
* Usually allergic response

40
Q

secondary lesions

A

Discoloration—Hyper‐or Hypopigmentation
* Scale
* Lichenification
* Crust
* Scab
* Scar
* Ulcer
* Erosion
* Fissure
* Atrophy

41
Q

purpura

A

rash of purple
spots on the skin caused by
internal bleeding from
small blood vessels

42
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

80% skin cancers – Raised pearly borders, shiny and translucent –Slow growing –Rarely metastasis

43
Q

Squamous cell

A

—scaly—6% –Ulcerated –can metastasize

44
Q

melanoma

A

–4% –Rapid growth, spreads rapidly

45
Q

melanoma risk factors

A

Red or light hair
* Heavy sun exposure
* History of multiple moles
* Light eye or skin color
* Family history of melanoma

46
Q

ABCDE: Melanoma mnemonic

A

A: Asymmetry
* B: Borders irregular
* C: Color change
* D: Diameter > 6 mm
* E: Evolution—change in size, shape, symptoms

47
Q

nails

A

Color
* Condition
* Shape
* Angle of attachment
* Abnormalities
* Terms: –Ungual border –Nail matrix

48
Q

what causes spoon nails or koilonychia

A

what it is called that causes
Iron deficiency anemia
* Hemachromatosis
* Heart disease
* Hypothyroidism
sx in nails

49
Q

what causes the condition of Beau’s lines in nails

A

What condition is called that causes

Uncontrolled diabetes
* Peripheral vascular
disease
* Illnesses associated with
high fever
* Zinc deficiency
* Post‐injury

50
Q

Onycholysis

A

The fingernails become loose and can
separate from the nail bed
* Can be caused by – Injury or repetitive trauma – Nail polish – Bacterial – Fungus—Onychomycosis – Thyroid disease – Vitamin or mineral deficiency – Medications

51
Q

what causes nail pitting

A

Psoriasis
* Connective tissue disorders –Reiters syndrome
* Alopecia areata

What body part does this cause

52
Q

Alopecia

A

bald patch

53
Q

What percentage is the skin total body weight

A

16% of total body weight

54
Q

linchenification

A

d/t rubbing skin over wks or months

55
Q

petechiae

A

tiny blood vessels under skin

may be a blood disorder, ex, leukemia

56
Q

what can a bruise (ecchymosis) tell us

A

intimate partner violence, child abuse

57
Q

levi

A

hx of Mutiple moles

58
Q

color eyes that are risk factors to melanoma

A

blue/green eyes

59
Q

ungual border

A

refers to nails

60
Q

nail matrix

A

where anil originates

61
Q

degree where nail is clubbing

A

180 degrees

62
Q

normal angle nail degree

A

160 degrees

63
Q

what does hemachromatosis tell us about nails

A

inherited blood disorder

64
Q

Beaus lines

A

indentation on nail

65
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungus on nail

66
Q

pediculosis

A

head lice

67
Q
A

Health Assessment- Respiratory (6 decks)

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