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SBCP Pathology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Histology with spongiosis accumulation of fluid in upper epidermis and dermal inflammation?

A

Atopic eczema

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2
Q

Which inflammatory cells are seen in atopic eczema?

A

Lymphocytes with occasional mast cells

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3
Q

Define acanthosis

A

Epithelial hyperplasia

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4
Q

Histology of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, chronic inflammation of dermis?

A

Chronic plaque psoriasis

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5
Q

Disease associated with HSV and targetoid lesions

A

Erythema multiforme

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6
Q

What cells are seen in drug reactions?

A

EOSINOPHILS

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7
Q

Band-like chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate along dermal-epidermal junction

A

Lichen planus

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8
Q

What is lichen sclerosis called?

A

BXO- balantis xerotica obliterans

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9
Q

Histology: Band of hyalinisation in the superficial dermis

A

Lichen sclerosis

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10
Q

True/false: Lupus and dermatomyosits have similar histology

A

True, chronic inflammation along dermal-epidermal junction

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11
Q

Which autoantibodies are seen with pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Anti-desmosome

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12
Q

Where does IgG immunofluorescene positivity appear in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

On epithelial cell surface, chicken wire pattern

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13
Q

Which autoantibodies are present in bullous pemphigoid?

A

Anti-basement membrane

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14
Q

Where does IgG immunofluorescene positivity appear in bullous pemphigus?

A

Basement membrane

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15
Q

Which disease is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Coeliac

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16
Q

Antibodies in dermatisis herpetiformis? (hint:coeliac)

A

IgA TTG (tissue transglutaminase)

IgA anti EMA (endomysial antibodies)

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17
Q

Categorise the following into intra or sub-epidermal blisters:
Pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Pemphigus vulgaris: Intra-epidermal

Bullous pemphigoid and d. herpetiformis: Sub-epidermal

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18
Q

Presentation of cutaneous sarcoidosis

A

Papules and plaques anywhere on body

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19
Q

Histology: non-caseating granulomatous inflammation and special stains for fungus and mycobacterium are -ve

A

Cutaneous sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Difference between granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica symptoms?

A

Granuloma annulare: annulare round pink-purple batches on BONY anatomical sites

Necrobiosis lipoidica: tender, yellow brown patches on lower legs

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21
Q

True/false: grannuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipodica have a similar histology

A

True

Both have necrobiotic granulomatous inflammtion: Zones of degenerate collagen surrounded by rim of histiocytes or macrophages

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22
Q

Histology: Intra-epidermal blister with intracellular viral inclusions

A

HSV

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23
Q

Histology for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Rarely needed, but will show intracellular viral inclusions at higher magnification

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24
Q

Disease associated with mycobacterium marinum?

A

Fish tank granuloma

Granulomatous inflammation and POSITIVE ziehl-neelsen (because of mycobacteria)

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25
Q

Which stain is used for fungal infections?

A

PAS stain (periodic acid-Schiff)

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26
Q

Anatomy of cutaneous cyst?

A

Epithelial lining containing ceratin

27
Q

Most common type of cyst? Epidermal inclusion cyst or pilar?

A

Epidermal inclusion cyst

Pilar is on scalp

28
Q

What is Leser Trelat?

A

Multiple rapidly appearing seborrhoeic keratoses, sign of malignancy

29
Q

Another name for fibroepithelial polyp?

A

SKin tag

30
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

Benign epithelial tumour usually on squamous epithelium

Also in breast, nasal cavity, larynx

31
Q

Another name for benign glandular tumours?

A

Adenoma

32
Q

Histology: Fibroblastic proliferation within the dermis

A

Dermatofibroma

33
Q

Histology: Loss of epidermis, and granulation tissue with mix of new BVs and inflammatory cells

A

Ulcer

34
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

BENIGN vascular tumour. Polypoid proliferation of small blood vessels. Bleeds easy.

Misnomer- not infectious or granulomatous

35
Q

Histology: fragmented hair shaft material within a sinus tract in the dermis, surrounded by inflammatory cells and fibrous scar tissue

A

Pilonidal sinus

36
Q

Where do pilonidal sinuses occur? Which occupation is at risk?

A

Sacral area/cleft of buttocks of obese or hairy men.

Hairdressers at risk

37
Q

Histology of freckle?

A

Increase in basal pigmentation but NO increase in melanocytes

38
Q

Histology of solar lentigo?

A

Increase in basal pigmentation

Increase in basal melanocytes with NO nuclear atypia

39
Q

Histology: Large number of melanocytes, nuclear polymorphism and atypia, mitotic figues and pagetoid spread

A

Lentigo maligna

Pagetoid=upward spread

40
Q

Junctional naevus

A

Nests of benign melanocytes within epidermis

41
Q

Intradermal naevus

A

Nests of benign melanocytes in dermis

42
Q

Compound naevus

A

Features of junctional naevus and intradermal

43
Q

Halo naevus

A

Melanocytic lesion with surrounding LYMPHOCYTES due to immune-mediated naevus regression

44
Q

Blue naevus

A

Intradermal naevus which looks blue

Very heavily pigmented melanocytes with a spindle shape

45
Q

Spitz naevus

A

Looks like a melanoma in children but acts benign

46
Q

Dysplasia

A
47
Q

Risk factors for dysplasia (AK, Bowen’s)

A

Sunlight, immunosuppression, previous irradiation, chemical carcinogens

48
Q

Risk factos for skin cancer in groin?

A

HPV

49
Q

Dysplastic naevus

A

Melanocytic lesion with dysplasia but no invasion

Can run in families or be sporadic

50
Q

Melanoma in situ

A

Severe dysplasia of melanocytes WITHIN dermis

Also called lentigo maligna

51
Q

Paget’s disease of nipple

A

Atypical GLANDULAR proliferations in epidermis. Pagetoid spread

Migration from underlying DCIS through lactiferous duct

Confirmed to be glandular with IHC stains

52
Q

Extramammary Paget’s

A

Seen in hairy parts of body like groin or axilla

Same histology

Rare to have underlying adenocarcinoma

53
Q

Most common skin cancer?

A

BCC

54
Q

Does BCC metastasise?

A

Almost never

55
Q

Does SCC metastasise?

A

Potentially, more aggressive than BCC

56
Q

WHat is upward spread of malignant melanoma called?

A

Pagetoid

57
Q

Another term for horizontal spread

A

Radial

58
Q

Define Breslow depth

A

Distance between granular layer of epidermis and the deepest malignant cell

Most important prognostic factor

59
Q

What is a BRAF mutation related to?

A

Malignant melanoma, 40% of cases have this oncogene

Patients can be treated with vermurafenib

60
Q

What are mycosis fungiodes and Sezay syndrome examples of?

A

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma

61
Q

Describe Mycosis fungiodes

A

NOT a fungal infection

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma involving epidermis and dermis

Low grade malignancy and resembles eczema

62
Q

What is sezary syndome?

A

When tumour cells of mycosis fungiodes enters the circulation

63
Q

Which HSV causes Kaposi sarcoma?

A

HSV 8

SBCP Pathology (24 decks)

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