Skin Flashcards
anesthesia
hyperesthesia
hypoesthesia
paresthesia
absence of sensation
excessive sensation
diminished sensation
abnormal; burning, prickling, tingling
acute skin lesions
heals within 2 weeks
abrasion, avulsion, laceration, incision, penetrating or puncture
chronic skin
does not heal within expected time frame; associated with complications
allodynia
overgrowth of nerve endings resulting in sensation of pain from normally non-painful stimuli
wound healing- phase 1
inflammation –> clot formation / angiogenesis, neutrophiles, leukocytes, macrophages
fibrin deposits are made
wound healing- phase 2
fibroplasia begins
collagen deposits / granulation tissue forms which bleed easily
wound is fragile at this stage
wound healing- phase 3
contraction
collagen continues to be deposited and organized into layers
fibroblasts disappear- this contracts the wound and pulls it together
wound healing- phase 4
maturation
scar is formed
maturation process can continue for years with variable presentation
primary intention
clean incision
all layers are approximated
heals with a minimal scar
secondary intention
wide, irregular wound
debridement is required to facilitate removal of debris, cells, and exudate
takes place from edges inward
tertiary intention
puncture wound
when suturing is delayed after injury or wound later breaks down
sutured when granulation is present
complications lead to abscess formation
promoting wound healing
moist
crust free
nutrition- extra cals, protein, Vitamin c/d, zinc
delays wound healing
antiseptics that act as drying agents
smoke, allergens, environment
noncompliance with treatment
comorbidity
signs of wound infection
increased erythema, especially beyond wound margin edema purulent exudate odor pain at site or extending beyond increased temp
dermatophytoses
(ring worm)
primarily in corner, hair and nails
T = ketoconazole cream
tinea capitus
scalp
tinea corporis
other parts of body (arms / legs)
tinea cruris
jock itch / crural folds / scrotum
tinea pedis
feet (between toes / plantar surface)
tinea unguium
nails; transported person to person
clothing and towels
contact dermatitis
inflammatory reaction caused by:
- irritant or sensitizing agent
treatment = limit exposure to sensitizing agent / med (corticosteroid)
poison ivy, oak, sumac
classic lesions:
- itching, localized, oozing, painful, streaked or spotty
- remove agent / clean skin
- prevent secondary infection
anthropods
insect bites, chiggers (mites), hymenopterans (bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, fire ants), spiders, scorpions, ticks,
T= cool compress, antihistamine, antipruritic, corticosteroids
scabies
female burrows in epidermis
isolation / completion of treatment
T= scabicide (permethrin cream)
pediculosis capitis
(head lice)
scalp infested by parasite
isolation / permethrin cream / removal of nits
spread prevention
- isolation
- machine wash on hot water and dry on hot
- non washable items need to be bagged for 14 days
lyme disease
most common tick
early / localized = bull’s eye
T= doxycycline / amoxicillin
diaper dermatitis
cause = prolonged repetitive contact with irritant
prolonged contact with wetness
prevention = frequent changes or removal for air exposure
absorbant diaper
powders aimed at keeping skin dry
apply ointment (protects skin by acting as a barrier)
avoid irritating skin with frequent washing
atopic dermatitis
eczema
itching / lesions
infantile: begins 2-6 months, gone by age 3
childhood- starts 2-3, flex areas, dry and hyperpigmented
preadolescent / adolescents: begins at 12, face, neck, hands, feet, antecubital fossae
T= hydrate skin, relieve itching, avoid irritants and allergens (mild soap and detergents, no scents or bubble baths
seborrheic dermatitis
most common = scalp (cradle cap)
lesions = which, adherent, yellowish, scaly, oily patches
acne
most common in adolescents
cause = testosterone
impacted by stress, cosmetics, and diet
meds
- retin-A (avoid sun)
topical benzoyl peroxide (effective first line)
accutane (isotretinon)- contraindicated with pregnancy, must take a test first
