Skin

Question 1

anesthesia
hyperesthesia
hypoesthesia
paresthesia

Answer 1

absence of sensation
excessive sensation
diminished sensation
abnormal; burning, prickling, tingling

Question 2

acute skin lesions

Answer 2

heals within 2 weeks

abrasion, avulsion, laceration, incision, penetrating or puncture

Question 3

chronic skin

Answer 3

does not heal within expected time frame; associated with complications

Question 4

allodynia

Answer 4

overgrowth of nerve endings resulting in sensation of pain from normally non-painful stimuli

Question 5

wound healing- phase 1

Answer 5

inflammation –> clot formation / angiogenesis, neutrophiles, leukocytes, macrophages
fibrin deposits are made

Question 6

wound healing- phase 2

Answer 6

fibroplasia begins
collagen deposits / granulation tissue forms which bleed easily
wound is fragile at this stage

Question 7

wound healing- phase 3

Answer 7

contraction
collagen continues to be deposited and organized into layers
fibroblasts disappear- this contracts the wound and pulls it together

Question 8

wound healing- phase 4

Answer 8

maturation
scar is formed
maturation process can continue for years with variable presentation

Question 9

primary intention

Answer 9

clean incision
all layers are approximated
heals with a minimal scar

Question 10

secondary intention

Answer 10

wide, irregular wound
debridement is required to facilitate removal of debris, cells, and exudate
takes place from edges inward

Question 11

tertiary intention

Answer 11

puncture wound
when suturing is delayed after injury or wound later breaks down
sutured when granulation is present
complications lead to abscess formation

Question 12

promoting wound healing

Answer 12

moist
crust free
nutrition- extra cals, protein, Vitamin c/d, zinc

Question 13

delays wound healing

Answer 13

antiseptics that act as drying agents
smoke, allergens, environment
noncompliance with treatment
comorbidity

Question 14

signs of wound infection

Answer 14

increased erythema, especially beyond wound margin
edema
purulent exudate
odor
pain at site or extending beyond
increased temp

Question 15

dermatophytoses

Answer 15

(ring worm)
primarily in corner, hair and nails
T = ketoconazole cream

Question 16

tinea capitus

Answer 16

scalp

Question 17

tinea corporis

Answer 17

other parts of body (arms / legs)

Question 18

tinea cruris

Answer 18

jock itch / crural folds / scrotum

Question 19

tinea pedis

Answer 19

feet (between toes / plantar surface)

Question 20

tinea unguium

Answer 20

nails; transported person to person

clothing and towels

Question 21

contact dermatitis

Answer 21

inflammatory reaction caused by:
- irritant or sensitizing agent

treatment = limit exposure to sensitizing agent / med (corticosteroid)

Question 22

poison ivy, oak, sumac

Answer 22

classic lesions:

• itching, localized, oozing, painful, streaked or spotty
• remove agent / clean skin
• prevent secondary infection

Question 23

anthropods

Answer 23

insect bites, chiggers (mites), hymenopterans (bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, fire ants), spiders, scorpions, ticks,

T= cool compress, antihistamine, antipruritic, corticosteroids

Question 24

scabies

Answer 24

female burrows in epidermis
isolation / completion of treatment

T= scabicide (permethrin cream)

Question 25

pediculosis capitis

Answer 25

(head lice)
scalp infested by parasite
isolation / permethrin cream / removal of nits
spread prevention
- isolation
- machine wash on hot water and dry on hot
- non washable items need to be bagged for 14 days

Question 26

lyme disease

Answer 26

most common tick
early / localized = bull’s eye

T= doxycycline / amoxicillin

Question 27

diaper dermatitis

Answer 27

cause = prolonged repetitive contact with irritant

prolonged contact with wetness

prevention = frequent changes or removal for air exposure
absorbant diaper
powders aimed at keeping skin dry
apply ointment (protects skin by acting as a barrier)
avoid irritating skin with frequent washing

Question 28

atopic dermatitis

Answer 28

eczema
itching / lesions

infantile: begins 2-6 months, gone by age 3

childhood- starts 2-3, flex areas, dry and hyperpigmented

preadolescent / adolescents: begins at 12, face, neck, hands, feet, antecubital fossae

T= hydrate skin, relieve itching, avoid irritants and allergens (mild soap and detergents, no scents or bubble baths

Question 29

seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 29

most common = scalp (cradle cap)

lesions = which, adherent, yellowish, scaly, oily patches

Question 30

acne

Answer 30

most common in adolescents
cause = testosterone

impacted by stress, cosmetics, and diet

meds
- retin-A (avoid sun)
topical benzoyl peroxide (effective first line)
accutane (isotretinon)- contraindicated with pregnancy, must take a test first