health problems of infants, children, and adolescents Flashcards
failure to thrive
drop more than 2 percentiles OR persistently below 3-5th percentile, OR less than 80th percentile in weight / height
colic
paroxysmal ab pain
cry >3 hours per day more than 3 days per week and for 3 weeks
SIDS
PREVENTION 45% reduction with those who breastfeed use a pacifier sleep on back nothing in crib do not share a bed share a room
positional plagiocephaly
skull deformity due to cranial molding during infancy as a result of lying supine for too long
frequent position changes
tummy time during the day
helmet
accidental poisoning
call poison control ASAP
may be able to handle it from home
incidence has decreased since new laws passed about child proof containers
child neglect
most common form of maltreatment
75% are under 3 years old
physical or emotional
report to CPS
physical abuse
abusive head trauma = shaken baby syndrome
S/S = intracranial bleeding , bilateral retinal hemorrhages, vomit, irritable, listlessness, seizures, posturing, altered LOC, apnea, death
munchausen syndrome by proxy
faking / exaggerating symptoms to induce symptoms
common with mothers who have medical advice
CPS
sexual abuse
increased a lot (could be due to reporting)
risks: unavailable parents, lack of emotional closeness, low SES, low edu, social isolation, emotionally deprived
obesity
overweight = 85-94% obese = at or above 95%
limit sugar beverages limit screen time to 2 hours no tv in room eat breakfast limit portion sizes diet exercise
ADHD
inattentive type / hyperactive and impulsive type
must show 6+ symptoms for at least 6 months
treatment
- school aged = stimulants and behavioral therapy, we don’t want them falling behind in school
- preschool- start with just behavioral therapy
STI
50% of all cases are 15-24 year olds
PREVENTION
teen pregnancy
downward trend
high risks: low birth weight, infant death, prolonged labor, school issues, alienation from peers, unable to financially support themselves
stress importance of mom taking care of baby as much as possible- don’t have grandparents do it all
anorexia
severe and profound weight loss by starvation
withdrawn from peers, introverted, body image distortion, denies illness, high achiever
T= treat life threatening malnutrition first
avoid referring syndrome- feed too fast and can cause complications
bulimia
average or slightly above weight
1 binge episode / week for 3 preceding months
seeks intimacy, extroverted, impulsive, acts out, variable school performance, less frequent body image than anorexia,
recognizes illness
Russell sign- hand lesions scarring on back of hands from repeated abrasion due to vomiting
