Skills and Archaeological Terms Flashcards
Primary Source
Primary sources are made at the time.
Eg; diaries, photographs, artefacts, buildings and eyewitness accounts
Secondary Source
Secondary sources are made after the time.
Eg; history books, websites, documentaries, reconstructions and novels
Chronology
When historical events are placed in the correct order according to time.
Decade
10 years
Century
100 years
Millenia
1000 years
BCE
Before Common Era (used instead of BC- events before year 1
CE
Common Era (used instead of AD- events starting from year 1
BC
Before Christ (before the year 1)
AD
Anno Domini (in the year of our lord of from the year 1)
Archaeology
The study of artefacts from the past human history.
MORE DETAILED: Archaeology is the study of human history. They excavate to find artefacts which can help them to learn about events that happened in the past that they do not know about.
Anachronism
A piece of evidence that is not in it’s correct historical or chronological time.
Artefact
Any object that has been created or used as a result of human activity.
Excavation
Digging into the ground to explore a site
Stratigraphy
A record of layers (strata) (usually in the ground) which show the passing of time.
Carbon dating/radiocarbon dating
A way of telling how old something is based on how much Carbon 14 left in organic remains in organic material such as wood, bone, charcoal or a fossil
Dendrochronology
Tree ring dating, a method to measure the age of wood
Relative dating
Closely examine the objects content- dates are approximate (typography, association, stratigraphy)
An approximate method of dating using the evidence of abject to make educated guesses. Eg. Stratigraphy uses layers of the earth to determine the age of artefacts.
Absolute dating
More modern and preciser method of analysing ancient artefacts to determine how old it is.
(Eg. use ice sheets)
A scientific method of dating which has very accurate dates using (eg.) radio carbon.
DNA
Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid which is a self-replicating material in almost all living organisms.
Stratigraphy
A branch of geology about rocks
Typology
The study of symbols or literature
Polytheist
Believing in more than one god
Extended response
- Read question and find out what it is asking you to do
- Highlight information in one colour and the question parts in another
- Brainstorm ideas
- START! *Tip: don’t use we, I, you etc.
Evidence
Use a specific example from history and explanation of the significance or the meaning of the evidence showing your understanding of the topic.
Trade
Exchanging one amount of money or objects from something else.
Or: the action of buying selling products or service.
Globalisation
- World interaction and development.
2. The free movement of goods, services, people, technology and information across the world.
Written source
A source which has been written. Eg. Diary entry, letter
Visual source
A source showing visual clues to information. Eg:
Statue, painting, artefacts
Referring to sources
As seen... As shows... Source a shows... Source a says... Source a demonstrates...
Biast
Personal feeling towards something which can make false claims.
Legend
A legend is a short story that has been passed on by different people for hundreds and sometimes thousands of years. It is based on something that is true, but as the story gets told over and over again, it can change.
Conquer
To take control of an area that does not belong to you.
Governor
An individual that controls a province within the empire
Province
An area in the Empire ruled by a governor
Empire
A group of countries or states ruled by one person.
Ancient Roman Women
- Citizens
- Wealth dependant on their husbands
- No rights
- No vote
- Couldn’t hold public office
- Mainly domestic duties
- Obeyed fathers
- Kept father’s surname
- Important in religion (nuns)
- Can be influential
- Wealthy women could conduct their own businesses
Slaves
- Property of their masters
- Not citizens
- Gladiators were fighting slaves used as Roman entertainment for they fought against each other and against animals
- Slaves didn’t necessarily have a bad life if their masters were kind
- Could do jobs (if allowed by masters) such as eg. Doctors, teachers etc.
- No rights
- Were beaten, tortured, sexually exploitation,
- Children could be sold into slavery by parents
Emporers
- ABSOLUTE power
- privilege
- dynasties -Julio Claudia dynasty
- High turnover of emperors during the empire
Free citizens
- Plebeians
- Born to plebeians
- Worked (farming, tradesmen)
Freed Men (Rome related)
- Slaves freed by their masters
- Some became wealthy
Equestrians
- similar role to senators
- got to power through military
- rode horses
Senators
- Most descendants of patricians
- Rarely plebeians
- Try to get in favour of Emperor for personal advantage
- presents ideas to emperor
- like politicians
- power dropped drastically during Roman Empire
