Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P.E - Skill Acquisition > Skills > Flashcards

Skills Flashcards

1
Q

Define skill

A

Learned ability to bring about predetermined results with max certainty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the characteristics of skilled performance

A

ACEFACE

Aesthetically pleasing 
Consistent 
Efficient 
Fluent 
Accurate 
Controlled 
Economical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define ability

A

An inherited attribute that underpin skills therefore may have an effect on how well they perform.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of ability

A

Psycho-motor

Gross-motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define psycho motor abilities

A

Involves info processing + decision making in order to carry out a particular movement.

Sometimes called perceptual motor abilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define gross-motor abilities

A

Large muscle movements of whole body or large limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 4 psycho - motor abilities

A

Limb co-ordination

Reaction time

Finger dexterity

Aiming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define limb co-ordination

A

Ability to co-ordinate the movement of a number of limbs simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define finger dexterity

A

Ability to perform skilful controlled manipulations of tiny objects involving the fingers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define aiming

A

Ability to aim precisely at a small object in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 4 gross-motor abilities

A

Static strength

Dynamic strength

Explosive strength

Stamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define static strength

A

Max force exerted against a resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define dynamic strength

A

Ability of the muscles to undergo repeated contractions without fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define explosive strength

A

ability to exert maximal force in minimal time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define stamina

A

The ability to maintain max CV effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What comes under continuity (skill classification)?

A

Continuos skills = No obvious beginning or end (swimming)

Discrete skills = Defined start and end point (tennis serve)

Serial skills = Consist of several discrete skills linked together (triple jump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What comes under pacing (skill classification)?

A

Self-paced / internal = Pace is decided by performer

Externally / external = Pace is decided by external factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What comes under environmental influence (skill classification)?

A

Open skills = Affected by environmental conditions and performed in an unpredictable environment i.e other people.

Closed skills = Performed in a predictable environment, very few variables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What comes under muscular involvement (skill classification)?

A

Gross skills = Large muscle groups and not very precise

Fine skills = Precise movements involving small muscle groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What comes under organisation (skill classification)?

A

High organisation = Skill that isn’t easily broken down into parts

Low organisation = Skill that is easily broken down into subroutines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What comes under difficulty (skill classification)?

A

Simple skills = Require few decisions

Complex skills = Require decision making using lots of info.

22
Q

Define learning

A

Permanent change in behaviour due to practise.

Lifelong process

23
Q

Define performance

A

Short term, unpredictable

Demonstration of the solving of a problem at a given moment in time

24
Q

What is the link between learning and performance

A

As learning takes place, usually see gradual improvement in performance

25
Q

What are the 3 phases of learning?

A

Cognitive

Associative

Autonomous

26
Q

Define phase 1 - cognitive learning

A

Lots of thinking + understanding needed

Movements are often slow

Lots of errors

27
Q

Define phase 2 - associative phase

A

May model by copying elite performers

Movements are smoother + more coordinated

28
Q

Define phase 3 - autonomous phase

A

Actions are fluent + efficient

Performer can focus on fine details as no longer needed to focus on basics

29
Q

List 5 causes of drive reduction

A

Lack of motivation

Boredom

Coaching

Limit of ability

Fatigue

30
Q

List the 3 learning theories

A

operant conditioning (skinner)

Bandura’s observational learning/social learning theory

Hull’s drive reduction theory

31
Q

Explain the operant conditioning (skinner) learning theory

A

Performer develops stimulus-response bond

Key features:

  • Based on trial and error
  • Manipulates the environment
  • Behaviour is shaped and maintained through its consequences
32
Q

Explain the Bandura’s observational learning/social learning theory

A

States that we learn by observing others and by reinforcement

33
Q

Define a satisfier

A

Action that promotes a pleasant feeling so responses are repeated

34
Q

Define an annoyer

A

Action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses

35
Q

How is behaviour shaped?

A

Though its consequences:

+ive reinforcements = strengthen S-R bond
-ive reinforcements = strengthen S-R bond (i.e when annoyer is removed when right)
Punishment = weakens S-R bond

36
Q

Define reinforcement

A

Process which ⬆️ probability of a behaviour occurring

Strengthens S-R bond

37
Q

What are the 4 stages between demonstration and the matched performance A.K.A the 4 processes in Bandura’s observational learning theory

A

Attention

Retention

Motor reproduction

Motivation

38
Q

Processes in observational learning theory

Explain attention

A

learner must pay attention and use selective attention.

Models must be attractive, successful and someone you respect.

Demonstration must be accurate, seen and heard.

39
Q

Processes in observational learning theory

Explain retention

A

Observer must remember model’s performance.

Can be improved through repeated demonstrations and mental rehearsal.

40
Q

Processes in observational learning theory

Explain motor reproduction

A

Refers to attempt by learner of the modelled skill.

Can be improved by practise and through intrinsic and extrinsic feedback.

41
Q

Processes in observational learning theory

Explain motivation

A

Status of model can affect motivation.

42
Q

What are the 6 types of learning transfers?

A

+ive

-ive

Zero

Bi-lateral

Proactive

Retroactive

43
Q

Define the transfer of learning

A

Refers to the effect learning one task has not he effect of learning another.

44
Q

Define +ive transfer

A

Occurs when prior learning promotes present learning.

i.e Throwing a ball to an overhead clear in badminton

45
Q

Define -ive transfer

A

Occurs when prior learning inhibits present learning.

i.e Basketball player may overthrow the ball in netball due to it being lighter.

46
Q

Define zero transfer

A

Prior learning has no effect on present learning

I,e swimming and netball

47
Q

Define bi-lateral transfer

A

Transfer between limbs

i.e right footed pass to left footed

48
Q

Define proactive transfer

A

Effect that leaning a skill has on a skill that has not yet been learned.

i.e completing drills at start of session followed by a game.

(Can have +ive, -ive or zero effect)

49
Q

Define retroactive transfer

A

Effect learning a skill has on a previously learned skill, can be +ive, -ive or zero.

i.e tennis player plays badminton all summer but returns to tennis in September = could experience -ive transfer.

50
Q

How might the coach ensure successful transfer of learning takes place?

A

Coach making performer aware of transfer

Planned progression

Eliminate bad habits

Motivate performer

51
Q

HULLS DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY

How might drive reduction theory be used in the teaching of a new skill?

A

Ind. are motivated to achieve.

When faced w/ new skills, ind. have a drive to solve problem.

Leading to goal-directed behaviour.

Once skill has been mastered, drive ⬇️,

Red. in drive acts as a form of reinforcement to strength S-R bond.

Once a habit is developed, drive ⬇️ so inhibition occurs.

New goals/targets must then be set.

Increase challenge

P.E - Skill Acquisition (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions