Guidance, Practice & Feedback

Question 1

Feedback + the stages of learning linked

Answer 1

Cognitive - Extrinsic FB + simple Associative - Ext – Int FB + KofP Autonomous - Int FB (kinaesthetic) + specific + deal well w/-ive fb

Question 2

What makes feedback effective?

Answer 2

Relevant + understandable Concise - Limited to prevent info overload Accurate Immediate

Question 3

Define concurrent feedback

Answer 3

During performance Always intrinsic + sometimes extrinsic

Question 4

Define terminal feedback and the 2 types

Answer 4

Feedback after the performance. DELAYED feedback IMMEDIATE feedback

Question 5

What are the 3 types of intrinsic feedback

Answer 5

Kinaesthetic Touch Equilibrium

Question 6

What are the 8 types of feedback?

Answer 6

Intrinsic extrinsic Knowledge of performance Knowledge of results +ive -ive Terminal Concurrent

Question 7

What are the functions of feedback?

Answer 7

MRI Motivational +ive Reinforcement to ⬆️ chance of repeating performance Informative - provides info about errors + correction

Question 8

Define feedback

Answer 8

Info that is available to performer either during or after performance, its purpose is to correct future performances.

Question 9

Give advantage and disadvantages to mental practise

Answer 9

A= improves confidence of performer D = not as effective as physical practise when used on its own

Question 10

Give advantage and disadvantages to distributed practise

Answer 10

A= good for learning most skills Gives time to recover physically and mentally Good for dangerous situations D= time consuming

Question 11

Give advantage and disadvantages to massed practise

Answer 11

A= good for learning discrete skills of short duration D = can lead to fatigue and boredom

Question 12

Give advantage and disadvantages to variable practise

Answer 12

A= more realistic situations to sporting activity D = can be diff to stimulate appropriate competitive situations

Question 13

Give advantage and disadvantages to fixed practise

Answer 13

A = promotes over learning D = doesn’t always prepare performers for errors

Question 14

What are the 3 ways in which mental practise/rehearsal/imagery works

Answer 14

Cognitive (think about strategies + tactics) Neuromuscular (muscular neurones fire as if muscle is actually active) Confidence (concentrates on successful performance)

Question 15

When would you use mental practise

Answer 15

In dangerous situations Improve confidence Warm up to aid focus + ⬇️ anxiety

Question 16

Define distributed practise

Answer 16

Skill is interspersed with other training or rest Rest could involve activities unrelated to main practise or involve use of mental rehearsal

Question 17

When would you use distributes practise

Answer 17

New or complex skill When there’s a danger of injury if performer is fatigued When performers have short attention spans I.e early stages of learning Low motivation

Question 18

When would you use massed practise

Answer 18

= Skills are repeated over an extended period of time No rest periods - Simple skills - When practise is needed to stimulate performing in fatigued situations - short time - experience and highly motivated performers

Question 19

When should you use fixed practise

Answer 19

Closed skills Important that practise conditions resemble the actual performance situation Can also be used to improve open skills

Question 20

When should you use varied practise

Answer 20

Open skills As allows performers to come into contact with a range of different experience that related directly to performance in full activity.

Question 21

List the 5 types of presenting practise

Answer 21

Fixed Variable Massed Distributed Mental

Question 22

3 disadvantages of using part method to teach a tennis serve

Answer 22

Don’t get to see whole skill loss of continuity Highly organised skills are difficult to break down

Question 23

3 advantages of using part method to teach a tennis serve

Answer 23

Focus on particular aspects Allows ⬆️ confidence ⬇️ effects of physical and mental fatigue

Question 24

METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain progressive part / chaining

Answer 24

Initial part of skill is taught + then additional parts of subroutine are added in sequence.

i.e dance whole skill = ABCD

PP practise would be = A–>AB–>ABC–>ABCD

Question 25

METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain whole-part-whole

Answer 25

1st whole skill is attempted Errors are made Those parts are isolated to practise

Question 26

METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain part

Answer 26

Broken down into subroutines Low organisation skill Complex skills

Question 27

METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain whole

Answer 27

Complete action - no breaking down USE when skill is continuous + can’t be broken down

Question 28

What are the 4 methods of presenting practices

Answer 28

Whole Part Whole-part -whole Progressive part

Question 29

List 6 factors coachers should consider to optimise learning when presenting practises

Answer 29

Previous experience Size of group Time Facilities available Personalities Technical knowledge required

Question 30

2 disadvantages to mechanical and manual guidance

Answer 30

Performers can become reliant on support Can give performer unrealistic feeling of motion

Question 31

2 advantages to mechanical and manual guidance

Answer 31

Safer for learner, especially dangerous or beginners Helps develop kinaesthetic awareness of motion

Question 32

2 disadvantages to verbal guidance

Answer 32

Can result in overload of information Some movements are too difficult to explain

Question 33

3 advantages to verbal guidance

Answer 33

Questioning can enhance learning Effective when combines w/ visual guidance Immediate

Question 34

Disadvantage to visual guidance

Answer 34

Only effective is learner is paying attention + accurate Demonstrations must be of good quality

Question 35

3 advantages to visual guidance

Answer 35

Video w/ slow motion can help learn skill accurately Useful for ALL stages of learning Helps form mental image of correct performance

Question 36

What is the part of the curve of performance called negative acceleration?

Answer 36

3