Guidance, Practice & Feedback Flashcards
Feedback + the stages of learning linked
Cognitive - Extrinsic FB + simple Associative - Ext – Int FB + KofP Autonomous - Int FB (kinaesthetic) + specific + deal well w/-ive fb
What makes feedback effective?
Relevant + understandable Concise - Limited to prevent info overload Accurate Immediate
Define concurrent feedback
During performance Always intrinsic + sometimes extrinsic
Define terminal feedback and the 2 types
Feedback after the performance. DELAYED feedback IMMEDIATE feedback
What are the 3 types of intrinsic feedback
Kinaesthetic Touch Equilibrium
What are the 8 types of feedback?
Intrinsic extrinsic Knowledge of performance Knowledge of results +ive -ive Terminal Concurrent
What are the functions of feedback?
MRI Motivational +ive Reinforcement to ⬆️ chance of repeating performance Informative - provides info about errors + correction
Define feedback
Info that is available to performer either during or after performance, its purpose is to correct future performances.
Give advantage and disadvantages to mental practise
A= improves confidence of performer D = not as effective as physical practise when used on its own
Give advantage and disadvantages to distributed practise
A= good for learning most skills Gives time to recover physically and mentally Good for dangerous situations D= time consuming
Give advantage and disadvantages to massed practise
A= good for learning discrete skills of short duration D = can lead to fatigue and boredom
Give advantage and disadvantages to variable practise
A= more realistic situations to sporting activity D = can be diff to stimulate appropriate competitive situations
Give advantage and disadvantages to fixed practise
A = promotes over learning D = doesn’t always prepare performers for errors
What are the 3 ways in which mental practise/rehearsal/imagery works
Cognitive (think about strategies + tactics) Neuromuscular (muscular neurones fire as if muscle is actually active) Confidence (concentrates on successful performance)
When would you use mental practise
In dangerous situations Improve confidence Warm up to aid focus + ⬇️ anxiety
Define distributed practise
Skill is interspersed with other training or rest Rest could involve activities unrelated to main practise or involve use of mental rehearsal
When would you use distributes practise
New or complex skill When there’s a danger of injury if performer is fatigued When performers have short attention spans I.e early stages of learning Low motivation
When would you use massed practise
= Skills are repeated over an extended period of time No rest periods - Simple skills - When practise is needed to stimulate performing in fatigued situations - short time - experience and highly motivated performers
When should you use fixed practise
Closed skills Important that practise conditions resemble the actual performance situation Can also be used to improve open skills
When should you use varied practise
Open skills As allows performers to come into contact with a range of different experience that related directly to performance in full activity.
List the 5 types of presenting practise
Fixed Variable Massed Distributed Mental
3 disadvantages of using part method to teach a tennis serve
Don’t get to see whole skill loss of continuity Highly organised skills are difficult to break down
3 advantages of using part method to teach a tennis serve
Focus on particular aspects Allows ⬆️ confidence ⬇️ effects of physical and mental fatigue
METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain progressive part / chaining
Initial part of skill is taught + then additional parts of subroutine are added in sequence.
i.e dance whole skill = ABCD
PP practise would be = A–>AB–>ABC–>ABCD
METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain whole-part-whole
1st whole skill is attempted Errors are made Those parts are isolated to practise
METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain part
Broken down into subroutines Low organisation skill Complex skills
METHODS OF PRESENTING PRACTICES Explain whole
Complete action - no breaking down USE when skill is continuous + can’t be broken down
What are the 4 methods of presenting practices
Whole Part Whole-part -whole Progressive part
List 6 factors coachers should consider to optimise learning when presenting practises
Previous experience Size of group Time Facilities available Personalities Technical knowledge required
2 disadvantages to mechanical and manual guidance
Performers can become reliant on support Can give performer unrealistic feeling of motion
2 advantages to mechanical and manual guidance
Safer for learner, especially dangerous or beginners Helps develop kinaesthetic awareness of motion
2 disadvantages to verbal guidance
Can result in overload of information Some movements are too difficult to explain
3 advantages to verbal guidance
Questioning can enhance learning Effective when combines w/ visual guidance Immediate
Disadvantage to visual guidance
Only effective is learner is paying attention + accurate Demonstrations must be of good quality
3 advantages to visual guidance
Video w/ slow motion can help learn skill accurately Useful for ALL stages of learning Helps form mental image of correct performance
What is the part of the curve of performance called negative acceleration?
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