skill aquisition

Question 1

what is a motor skill

Answer 1

any skill that has movement

Question 2

what are 6 types of motor skill

Answer 2

muscular involvement
environmental influence
pacing
difficulty
continuity
organisation

Question 3

what are the 2 types of muscular involvement

Answer 3

gross
fine

Question 4

what is gross muscular involvement

Answer 4

large muscle movements
little concern for precision and accuracy

Question 5

what is fine muscular involvement

Answer 5

small muscle movements
involves precision and accuracy

Question 6

what is open environmental influence

Answer 6

environment affects skill
perception needed
decision making required

Question 7

what is closed environmental influence

Answer 7

environment does not effect skill
habitual movement
little information to process

Question 8

what is self pacing

Answer 8

player has control over speed of movement
habitual

Question 9

what is external pacing

Answer 9

speed of players movements controlled by environment
usually open skills

Question 10

what is simple difficulty

Answer 10

technically easy skill to perform
few decisions to make
little info to process

Question 11

what is complex difficulty

Answer 11

technically difficult skill to perform
lots of decision making
lots of info to process

Question 12

what is discrete continuity

Answer 12

clear start and end
to repeat skill must start again

Question 13

what is serial continuity

Answer 13

several discrete skills linked together
set sequence is important

Question 14

what is continuous continuity

Answer 14

no clear start and end
end of one cycle is start if another

Question 15

what is low organisation

Answer 15

made up of subroutines that can be selerated
can be practised in parts

Question 16

what is high organisation

Answer 16

subroutines are closely linked together
usually practised as a whole

Question 17

what are the 4 practise types

Answer 17

part
whole
part progressive
whole part whole

Question 18

what part practise type

Answer 18

when a skill is practised by breaking it down into subroutines
practising or learning or perfecting the subroutines then putting it back together

Question 19

what is whole practise type

Answer 19

skill learned in complete form without being broken down into subroutines

Question 20

what is part progressive practise types

Answer 20

parts of a skill is practised seperately
then linked to form bigger parts until whole skill is achieved
a-b-ab-c-abc-d-abcd

Question 21

what is whole part whole practise types

Answer 21

combination of whole and part/ learner tries whole skill/ teacher identifies weak areas which are practised
when weak parts are perfected they are integrated back to whole

Question 22

what are advantages and disadvantages of part practise types

Answer 22

+- good for beginners
increase confidence
complex skills
reduces info overload

• no kinaesthetic feel
  boring
  no good for continuous skills

Question 23

advantages and disadvantages of whole practise types

Answer 23

+ understanding of whole skill
kinaesthesis
good for high simple and organised skills

• reduce confidence
  dangerous
  not good for complex

Question 24

advantages and disadvantages of part progressive

Answer 24

+ serial skills low skills
reduce info overload
give success

• time consuming
  not good for continuous

Question 25

advantages and disadvantages of whole oart whole

Answer 25

has advantages of part and whole time consuming not good for dangerous or high

Question 26

what are the 3 stages of learning

Answer 26

cognitive associative autonomous

Question 27

what is cognitive learning

Answer 27

lots of mistakes made movement lacks fluency requires conscious thought unable to use intrinsic feedback learner is trying to get a mental picture

Question 28

what is associative learning

Answer 28

practise fewer mistakes some lerformers never leave this stage intrinsic feedback used motor programmes formed still not yet automatic rely on mental images

Question 29

what is autonomous learning

Answer 29

fluent movement little conscious thought can use inteinsic feedback effectively confident performance may return to associative phase need to practise ti stay here

Question 30

what are the 4 types of practise conditions

Answer 30

massed distributed fixed variable

Question 31

what is massed practise condition

Answer 31

very few rest intervals continuous practise long sessions

Question 32

what is distributed practise condition

Answer 32

regular breaks skill practised in short burst

Question 33

what is fixed practise condition

Answer 33

practise remains the same same or constant situation same movement practised repeatedly in same wnvironment

Question 34

what is variable practise condition

Answer 34

practise changes regularly different situations or environment

Question 35

advantages and disadvantages of variable practise

Answer 35

+ used for open skills autonomous learners develop schema experience prevents boredom - not good for closed skills lots of info not used until skill is overlearned

Question 36

advantages and disadvantages of fixed practise

Answer 36

+ skill overlearned attention can be focused elsewhere closes skills sr bond - not good for open skills boring over use injuries

Question 37

advantages and disadvantages of massed practise

Answer 37

+ more physical work in a session flow of skill kinaesthesis improves fitness saves time - fatigue beginners lose co centration boredom decrease in performance

Question 38

advantages and disadvantages of distributed practise

Answer 38

+ prevents fatigue feedback time for mental rehearsal beginners dangerous or complex tasks - disjointed learning de motivate

Question 39

what are the 4 types of feedback

Answer 39

mechanical verbal visual manual

Question 40

what is verbal guidance

Answer 40

told what to do instructions or feedback

Question 41

what is mechanical guidance

Answer 41

using equipment or apparatus

Question 42

what is visual guidance

Answer 42

shown what to do helos develop a mental image

Question 43

what is manual guidance

Answer 43

physical support

Question 44

what are positive and negatives of verbal guidance

Answer 44

+ builds on visual elite performers - complex skills info overload

Question 45

positives and negatives of mechanical guidance

Answer 45

+ confidence complex or dangerous skills - limit feeling dependance

Question 46

positives and negatives of visual guidance

Answer 46

+ beginners develop mental image - poster may not give alot of info innacurate demo means innaccurate skill

Question 47

positives and negatives manual guidance

Answer 47

+ confidence complex or dangerous skills - limit feeling dependance

Question 48

what are the 6 types of feedback

Answer 48

intrinsic extrinsic positive negative knowledge of results knowledge of performance