Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ALevel PE > Skill aquisition > Flashcards

Skill aquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Ways of classifying a skill?

A

Gross, fine, open, closed, self paced, externally paced, basic, complex, discrete, continuous, serial, low organisational, high organisational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of skill?

A

Coordinated, controlled, good technique, aesthetic, learned, consistent, predetermined, efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of a skill?

A

A learned ability to bring about predetermined results which maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time or energy or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 categories of a skill?

A

Cognitive, perceptual, motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a cognitive skill?

A

Involves primarily the brain- reading/ analysing a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a perceptual skill?

A

How an individual interprets a stimuli- correct interpretation improves performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a motor skill?

A

Involves physical movement eg catching, throwing, running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

Something using large muscle groups usually linked with strength, endurance and power - weightlifting/ javelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

Using small delicate muscle movements usually associated with speed accuracy and efficiency - darts/ snooker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What environmental influence can occur during sports?

A

Opponents, team mates, weather, crowd, surface, equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

Takes place in a stable, predictable environment where critical information doesn’t change - diving/ floor routine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an open skill?

A

Where the environment changes the decisions made by the athlete requiring adaptation and good perceptual skill- sailing/ pass in hockey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a discrete skill?

A

Has a clear beginning and end and is performed alone without linkage - shot put/ weightlifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a serial skill?

A

Contains a number of discrete skills that can be broken down or linked together- high jump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a continuous skill?

A

Contains no subroutines, lasts as long as the performer wishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four form of guidance?

A

Verbal, visual, manual, mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is visual guidance?

A

Usually a demonstration done by an coach of superior athlete to be copied by the athlete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Disadvantages of visual guidance?

A

Incorrect demo leading to bad habits, coach unable, unclear/ to quick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is verbal guidance?

A

A clear verbal explanation of what to do or what to correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A

May be an overload, inaccurate, beginners may not understand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is manual guidance?

A

Use of physical support or placing limbs in correct positions for safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disadvantages of manual guidance?

A

Restrictive, false sense of kinaesthetic, need high level coach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is mechanical guidance?

A

Using a mechanical aid to learn more dangerous skills or to aid confidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

A

Can be overused, can cause over reliance on it, can’t learn from mistakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What factors affect choice of teaching method?
Type of skill Complexity of skill Classification Environment Ability level Motivation
26
What factors affect choice of teaching method?
Type of skill Complexity of skill Classification Environment Ability level Motivation
27
Sub routine
The elements that make up a particukar skill
28
Kinaesthesis
The sense of feeling that we get from the movements we make. Proprioceptors or nerves in our muscles, ligaments and joints send messages to the brain that gives us information about where we are and what we are doing
29
Motor programme
A generalised series of movements stores in LTM and retrieved by a single decision
30
Motor programme
A generalised series of movements stores in LTM and retrieved by a single decision
31
practice conditions
different ways of setting up training sessions ti achieve optimum performance
32
Schema
Store of info in LTM that updates and modifies
33
Schema
Store of info in LTM that updates and modifies
34
what is part practice
Practice involving learning and practising different elements of the whole skill. The full action can then be pieced together
35
For which performers is part practice used?
A beginner Limited attention span Early stages of learning limited motivation
36
Disadvantages of part practice?
Takes longer to learn and overall kinaesthesis can be lost
37
When is part practice used?
Low organisational skills Complex skills Dangerous skills Serial skills
38
Drawbacks of part practice?
Whole skill must be demonstrated Takes longer to learn Kinaesthetic can be lost
39
What is whole practice?
Practice involving repeating the whole series of actions
40
What type of performer uses whole practice?
Experienced High attention levels Later stages of learning High motivation
41
When is whole practice used?
High organisational skills Allows full kinaesthesis To appreciate relationship between subroutines Quick to learn Can help understand skill
42
Drawbacks of whole practice
Not suitable for dangerous sports Difficult for beginners
43
What is whole-part-whole practice
Using both types of practice in combination. First action is performed in full, then smaller elements practiced, then whole action performed again
44
What performer uses WPW practice?
Developing performer that is weak at certain elements
45
Advantages of WPW practice?
Athletes get a feel for the skill first and teacher can identify subroutines that need practice Relatively quick as only weak areas practiced
46
Drawbacks of WPW practice
Not suitable for high organised skills Not dangerous skills
47
What are the 4 types of practice?
Progressive part, part, whole, whole part whole
48
What is progressive part practice
Isolating parts of a complex skill, then linking them to gather to form larger parts before combining them into a whole skill
49
When might progressive part practice be used?
Serial skills Complex skills Skills with sub routines With an advantage to building motor programmes
50
Benefits to Progressuve part practice?
Helps build flow Helps the transfer of learning parts into the whole skill
51
Drawbacks of progressive part practice?
Time consuming, demotivating
52
What are the 4 methods of practice?
Massed, distributed, fixed, varied
53
What is massed practice?
Continuos practice period with very limited rest for a long time
54
Advantages of massed practice?
Good for grooving skills and creating a habitual response Good for discrete of short duration
55
Drawbacks of massed practice?
The player has to be motivated and have good fitness levels Can lead to boredom and fatigue Can lack some concentration and attention Which can lead to poor performance learning
56
What is distributed practice?
Training includes rest intervals often used for mental rehearsal and extrinsic feedback
57
Benefits of distributed practice
Good for most skill learning especially for beginners Gives time to recover mentally and physically Good for potentially dangerous situations
58
What is fixed practice?
A stable predictable environment with unchanged conditions
59
Advantages of fixed practice?
Good for grooving skills and creating habitual response Good for closed skills Develops schema
60
Disadvantages of fixed practice?
Player must be motivated and have good fitness levels Can lead boredom and fatigue
61
What is varied practice?
Varying conditions to mimic gameplay
62
What is varied practice?
Varying conditions to mimic gameplay
63
Advantages of varied practice?
Allow performer to experience range of situations Good for closed skills if stimuli is important to skill Good for open skills when all situations are varied so that athlete can problem solve and build repertoire of strategies
64
Disadvantages of varied practice?
difficult to develop and groove correct motor programme due to changing conditions
65
Disadvantages of varied practice?
difficult to develop and groove correct motor programme due to changing conditions
66
What is mental practice/ rehearsal?
When an athlete works through movements in their head
67
When is mental rehearsal used?
In cognitive stages to build mental picture and attention in associatuve( practice) and autonomous (competent) stages it can be used to rehearse complex skills
68
Advantages of mental regearsal?
Emotion control Reduces anxiety Increases confidence Focuses the mind
69
What is transfer?
The gain or loss in the capability to perform a task as a result of practicing another
70
What did Singer say about transfer?
Almost all learning is based on the concept of transfer
71
What are running, jumping, hopping, throwing, catching classifies as?
Fundamental Movement Skills
72
How do coaching implications affect the transfer theory?
Training sessions must be relevant Performers need to be exposed to transferable elements Coach should identify similarities between skills Coach should emphasise transfer
73
What are the 5 types of transfer?
Proactive, retroactive, bilateral, positive, negative
74
What is proactive transfer?
When a skill influences a skill that is yet to be learned
75
What is retroactive transfer?
If a skill influences one you can already do
76
What is retroactive transfer?
If a skill influences one you can already do
77
What is bilateral transfer?
Encouragement of Limb to limb transfer, right to left foot
78
What is positive transfer?
When a skill enhances the learning or oerformance in another skill
79
What is negative transfer?
When a skill may hinder the learning or performance of another skill so needs eliminating Can cause poor habits
80
How to optimise positive effects of transfer?
Ensure performer understands requirement of skill, ensure environment in practice is similar to real situation ensure learner is aware of transfer Don’t teach areas that could cause negative transfer close together If part practice, ensure first part is grooved
81
How does varied practice help transfer of skill?
Allows performance in many situations Develops many correct responses Develops decision making player learns to adapt Expands schema

ALevel PE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions