Skill Aquesition Flashcards
What are the three stages of learning?
Cognitive
Associate
Autonomous
briefly what is the cognitive learning stage?
A beginner with a high level of error and a lack of fluidity
What does an associative performer show, briefly?
Still some error, but minimal. A bit more fluidity.
Briefly, what is the autonomous learning stage?
An elite performer, no error, effortless and kinaesthetic
Name at least 4 features of the cognitive learning stage.
Creates a mental picture Needs demonstrations and verbal guidance Selective attention Short concise info and commands Trial and error External feedback
What is selective attention?
Guidance on important cues to focus on.
What is the success rate of a cognitive performer?
20-30%
2-3
—
10
Name at least 4 features of the associative learning stage.
The longest phase Begins to eliminate mistakes Forms motor programmes Learns and masters the fundamentals Coordinates sub routines Can use internal kinaesthetic feedback
What is the success rate of an associative performer?
50-70% 5-7
—
10
Name at least 4 features of the autonomous stage of learning?
Habitual No conscious thought Focus on subtle cues and tactics Motor programme stored in the LTM Kinaesthetic internal feedback Minimal improvements Can think ahead of the skill Aesthetically pleasing
What is the success rate of an autonomous performer?
90%
9
—
10
What are 6 types of feedback?
Positive Negative Intrinsic Extrinsic Knowledge of performance Knowledge of results
What causes intrinsic feedback?
Signals from proprioreceptors.
Kinaesthesis
3 advantages of intrinsic feedback?
Immediacy
Doesn’t rely on others
Accurate in the autonomous stage
3 disadvantages of intrinsic feedback?
Inaccurate for cognitive learners
Individual differences
Cannot interpret from sensory system
Where does extrinsic feedback come from?
External sources
Teammates/coaches
Why must extrinsic feedback be used with care?
If the performer relays heavily on it, it can effect motivation levels
3 advantages of extrinsic feedback?
Essential for cognitive learners
Provides knowledge from an outside source
Results in big improvements
3 disadvantages of extrinsic feedback?
If inaccurate it can lead to a negative result
If unreliable motivation can drop
Doesn’t encourage kinesthesis
What is positive feedback?
When the information rewards the performer through praise.
Often extrinsic
3 advantages of extrinsic feedback?
Positive reinforcement strengthens the SR bond.
Provides motivation for cognitive learners.
Boosts self esteem.
2 disadvantages of positive feedback?
If undeserved can build a false SR bond.
Some performers don’t respond to praise.
What is negative feedback?
Criticism, focussing on the poor aspects of performance.
3 advantages of negative feedback?
Provides motivation (to remove it) Gives aspects to improve Suited to autonomous learners.
2 disadvantages of negative feedback?
Lowers self esteem
Some performers take criticism badly.
What is knowledge of results feedback?
Seeing an end result
Extrinsic
2 advantages of knowledge of results?
Provides motivation
Strengthens the SR bond.
What is knowledge of performance?
Feedback of a movement pattern
External
2 advantages of knowledge of performance?
Provides kinesthesis
Good for autonomous learners
4 things effective feedback includes?
Limited info
Immediacy
Specific to individual
Facilitates kinesthesis
