Skill Flashcards
Nature of automatic processing stroop
The stroop task (1935)
Colour naming- name the colour when it actually in another colour
Name the colour when the word is another colour
Congruent or conflict
Word reading (automatic = faster) interferes with colour naming (controller = slower)
Flanker
Respond to central arrow
> > <»
Harder when arrow go opposite ways
Simon
Push the named button- press with left or right hand
Eg. On screen have X LEFT
Press with right hand (congruent)
Press with left hand (incongruent)
Go / no go task
Majority of responses require you to press a button but if you see
Eg 3
Do not press
Durgin 2000
Respond to stroop stimuli by pointing at coloured patch
Colours interfered with word naming but not other way round - reverse stroop effect
People can name the colours without being influenced by the word, can’t name the word without being influenced by the colour
Glaser and glaser
1988
Presented colour and word component of stroop stimuli at different times
No amount of head start for colour info produced interference on word reading
More to automaticity than just speed of processing
Macleod and Dunbar
1988
Trained ppts to shapes with colour word
Trained people to respond to colour names to shapes
Then interfere them
Initially- colour interferes with naming shape
After extensive training- shape interferes with naming colours- automaticity can be learnt
Continuum
Habit
Stimulus response
Overlearnt stimulus response pairs
Triggered by environment
Rapid
Stereotyped
Inflexible
Ballistic
Bebko
2005
Either skills are not habit or habits are not like that
Transfer, control, automatic processing in a complex motor task
Habits are automatic but skills are not
Similar to habits- low attentional demands
Logan and crump
2010
Research on typing
Self report and inter-key interval typing speed
erred condition, error corrected condition
When error corrected, stated not made mistake, error inserted= took ownership
= illusion authorship
Typing speed slowed when they had made a real error even if not told about not
Speed of typing not affected by believing about making an error
Typing skills controlled by hierarchal loops
Outer: language comprehension and generation- sensitive to visual feedback
Inner: translate intention into finger movement- finger / keyboard interactions
Hierarchical control
Frees attention to regulate hard parts
Misallocation of attention can disrupt performance
Yerkes Dodson law
Inverted U relationship between arousal and performance
Shifts to right and heightens when we train and arousal is greater
Higher arousals increase performance
Choking
Soccer players
Ask people to focus as hard as they could on what they were doing or asked to perform second interfering task (dual paradigm)
Experts- best under dual task condition, only right footed
Novices- best under skill focused condition
Ironic processing
Try not to think about something involves thinking about it
Effort to do something evokes its own contradiction
Ericssons theory of deliberate practice
Found performance continued to improve after years of practice in factory workers
