Sketching (Week 3) Flashcards
Essential Concepts of Sketching
- Sketching is essential to ideation and design
- Sketching is not the same as prototypes
- Sketching is embodied cognition to aid invention
Sketching vs Prototyping
Evocative vs. Didactic Suggest vs. Describe Explore vs. Refine Question vs. Answer Propose vs. Test Provoke vs. Resolve Tentative vs. Specific Noncomittal vs. Depiction
Benefits of Sketching
- Everyone can sketch; you do not have to be artistic
- Most ideas are conveyed more effectively with a sketch than with words
- Sketches are quick and inexpensive to create; they do not inhibit early exploration
- Sketches are disposable; there is no real investment in the sketch itself
- Sketches are timely; they can be made just-in-time, done in-the-moment, provided when needed
- Sketches should be plentiful; entertain a large number of ideas and make multiple sketches of each idea
- Textual annotations play an essential support role, explaining what is going on in each part of the sketch and how
What do models describe?
- Relationships
- Parts that make up wholes
- Structures that bind them
- How parts behave in relation to one another
Framework/conceptual model
Represents some aspect of the experience such as elements, organization, dynamism or movement, scale or behavior over time
What are models good for?
- Supports sense-making
- Support communication and learning
- Help bridge the gap between observing and making, between research communities and design communities.
- Integrate your data or findings from research into a meaningful structure or map of the opportunities they present.
- Help you think.
Models as Theories
Models are conjectures, hypotheses, theories.
- We create models “inferring the most likely story to explain the evidence.”
- Models help us recognize new situations as similar to others we have encountered. Without a model, recognizing the similarities might be difficult.
- Models also help us predict likely futures: what actions other actors may take, consequences of those actions, and what actions best respond to threats or most efficiently help us pursue our goals.
Models Evolve
Learning involves FORMING models and REFORMING them based on feedback.
We observe some behavior in our environment; it suggests models, which we use to predict future behavior and guide our actions.
Additional observations provide feedback, which helps us revise and refine our models — we learn.
Models Affect What We See
Observations shape models
Models [are] so powerful in affecting what we do… because they affect what we see. Two people with different mental models can observe the same event and describe it differently, because they’ve looked at different details.
Models As Stories
We explain models by telling stories, and when we tell stories, listeners form models—mental pictures of the actors, how they are related, and how they behave.
How are models “boundary objects” according to Star?
Models are “boundary objects,” artifacts that enable discourse at the boundaries between communities of practice.
Sharing Models
By sharing our models, we may be able to confirm where we agree—and discover where we disagree.
Models provide a basis for shared understanding, agreement, and group action.
Models build trust and enable collaboration.
Models in Design
Models and modeling are the HEART of all design.
- Services and computer applications are partly hidden.
- Using models, designers can unify otherwise separate artifacts and actions.
Services and computer applications are partly hidden.
- Can stretch across time and space.
- Cannot be seen all at once or from a single vantage point.
- Models stand in for systems during analysis, design, operation.
What is the ESSENCE of design (according to Buxton & Dubberly)?
Drawing
