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Anatomy 3 Final DIV Questions > Skelleton Of The Head > Flashcards

Skelleton Of The Head Flashcards

1
Q

The Floor is composed of

A
  1. Unpaired BASIOCCIPITAL bone
  2. Unpaired BASISPHENOID and
  3. UNpaired PRESPHENOID bone
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2
Q

The Nucheal wall is composed of the?

A
  1. Unpaired Supraoccipital bone
    (Squamos part)
  2. Exoocipital bones
    (Lateral parts)
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3
Q

The lateral walls are composed of the ?

A

Paired Temporal Bone

(os temporale)

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4
Q

The ROOF is composed of the?

A
  1. Paired frontal bone
  2. Paired pariettal bone
  3. Unpaired interpariettal bone
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5
Q

The nasal wall is composed of the

A
  1. Unpaired ETHMOID BoNe
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6
Q

Foramen LACERUM
Incisura carotica
Incisura ovalis
Incisura spinosa

What travels through?

A 
Incisura carotica 
—> A. Carotica Interna (medially)
Incisura ovalis
—> N.Mandibularis
Incisura spinosa
—> A.Meningea media

ø in car and ru! —> Foramen instead
Only Ru has Foramen Ovale!

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7
Q

Processus Prerygoideus

  1. Arise from?
  2. Project where to form the boundaries of?
  3. Together with which bones?
  4. The base is perforated by a canal?
  5. Inside the canal runs?
  6. Originates with?
  7. Terminates with?
A
  1. Rostral border of BASISPHENOID
  2. Ventro-rostrally and form boundaries of the CHOANAE
  3. Palatine and Pterygoid bones
  4. Alar canal
  5. Maxillary Artery
  6. Foramen alare caudale
  7. Foramen alare rostrale
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8
Q

Temporal bone - parts

A 
1. Pars Squamosa
Facies cerebralis (inner)
Fascies temporalis (outer)
2. Pars PETROSA 
3. Pars TYMPANICA

Distinkt parts in newborns, unite later in life
PETROSA and TYMPANICA firmly fused to squamos part in CAR and OX, in others remain separate!

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9
Q

Temporomandibular joint

Articulating surfaces

A
  1. TUBERCULUM articulare rostrally
  2. FOSSA MANDIBULARIS, caudal to it. It is deliniated caudally by:
    - Proc. RETROARTICULARE

In CA—> TUBERCULUM articulare is missing = well developed PROCESSUS RETROARTICULARE

= TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

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10
Q

The Temporal canal (meatus temporals) is rudimentary in which species?

A

Cat and Pig

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11
Q

Which part of the temporal bone encloses the inner ear?

A

Petrosal part encloses the inner ear with the COCHLEA, VESTIBULUM and CANALIS SEMISIRCULARIS

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12
Q

The medial surface of the Petrosal part of the temporal bone is perforated by ?
What passes through?

A

PORUS ACCUSTICUS INTERNUS
N.Facialis –> Cranial nerve of the face
N.Vestobulocochlearis –> Hearing and Balance

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13
Q

Crista Partis Petrosae, in which species?

A

Carnivores and Horse

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14
Q

Petrosal part of the temporal bone extend caudally beyond the skull, forming ?

A

Mastoid Process, ventrally

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15
Q

Mastoid Process in the horse?

A

Is a strong bulb-shaped projection, but in other species, its small.

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16
Q

Processus styloideus is the attachment for? in which species? Abscent in which?

A

Hyoid apparatus
In Horse and ruminants
Absent in carnivores and pig,

Car: Therefore the hyoid apparatus articulates with the Processus mastiodeus of the Petrosal part in carnivores.

Pig: Proc. Nuchalis of the squamos part, located close to the base of the proc.paracondylaris.

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17
Q

Where does the external opening of the facial canal open? And what runs inside the canal?
Where is it situated in the diff species?

A

Foramen stylomastoideum
Facial Nerve
In Ru, pig, horse: btw Proc. Styloideum and Proc. Mastoideum
In car: Btw Proc.Mastioideum and Tympanic part

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18
Q

What is the ventral portion of the Temporal bone called?

What is the name of the structure enclosing the tympanic cavity of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic Part

its bulbous enlargement = Bula Tympanica

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19
Q

Which structure extend from the mediorostral wall of the tympanic bulla? In which species is it especially prominant?

A

Processus Muscularis,

esspecially prominent in HORSES and RUMINANTS

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20
Q

What connects the Tympanic cavity to the PHARYNX?

A

Canalis Musculotubarius

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21
Q

Where is the frontal bone situated?

United in?

A

Between the cranium and the face

Sutura interfrontalis

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22
Q

What does each frontal bone enclose?

A

At least one or more Air-filled cavities, depending on the species - SINUS FRONTALIS

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23
Q

Based on their location, the frontal bone can be devided into?

A
  1. Squama Frontalis
  2. Pars Orbitalis
  3. Facies Temporalis
  4. Pars Nasalis
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24
Q 
Based on their location, the frontal bone can be devided into?
1. Squama Frontalis
Bordered by?
It extends to form?
Articulations of process in diff species?
Ligament
Gland
Separated from temporal surface by?
A

In large animals: Nasal and lacrimal bones
Car: Limited to the lateral wall of orbital cavity

Proc. ZYGOMATICUS, laterally
–> Forms a part of the DORSAL MARGIN of the ORBIT:
MARGO SUPRAORBITALIS

RU: Osseus union with the PROC.FRONTALIS of Z-bone
EQ: Processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis
Car: Dorsal margin of orbit formed by LIG.ORBITALE
CAT: Ligament offen ossified

Osseus orbit is indented by lacrimal gland =
FOSSA GLANDULAE LACRIMALIS
-> lies under the proc.zyg/orbital lig.

Linea Temporalis, extends caudally as CRISTA SAGGITALIS EXTERNA

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25
Q

In which species is CRISTA SAGGITALIS EXTERNA prominent?

A

Dog, Horse and Ox

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26
Q

In horned animals, the frontal squama carries?

A

Processus Cornuales, supports the horn

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27
Q

Based on their location, the frontal bone can be devided into?
4. Pars Nasalis
neighbouring bones?

A

= The rostral extention of the frontal bone
- Neigbouring bones
LATERALLY: Lacrimal bone
ROSTRALLY: Nasal bone

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28
Q

Based on their location, the frontal bone can be devided into?
2. Pars Orbitalis
Perforated by?
Medial to the base of the Proc.Zygomaticus, the orbital part is intended by?

A

= Forms the major part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity.
- FORAMEN ETHMOIDALE
HORSE:
Opens on the border btw the Frontal and Sphenoid bone
DOG: FORAMINA ETHMOIDALIA
- A shallow groove = Attachment for the dorsal oblique muscle of the eyeball

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29
Q

Based on their location, the frontal bone can be devided into?
3. Facies Temporalis
It forms the rostral part of the?

A

= Small concave temporal surface

  • caudal to the orbital part.
  • Fossa Temporalis = Attachment for the temporal muscle
30
Q

Which bone forms most of the dorsolateral surface of the cranial wall?

A

Pariettal Bone

31
Q

Pariettal bone is bordered by?

A

Rostrally: Frontal bone
Caudally: Occipital bone

32
Q

Pariettal bone is divided into?

A

FACIES EXTERNA
1. Planum Pariettale (dors)
2. Planum Temporale (lat)
+ in BO: Planum Nucheale

FACIES INTERNA
= Characterized by vascular grooves, depressions and ridges. –> Sulci and Gyri of the brain
In horse and pig: Crista saggitalis interna!

In Car+ EQ:
Caudal surface of the internal surface has a medial projection= Processus Tentoricus, which forms a part of the Osseous Tentorium cerebelli

33
Q

Location of the interpariettal bone?

A

Centrally placed btw the occipital bone and the Pariettal bone
- fuses during adult life, except CAT
Processus Tentoricus and part of Tentoric bone here aswell.

34
Q

ETHMOID BONE

- name of the different plates

A

Lamina Externa

  1. LAMINA TECTORIA (roof)
  2. LAMINA BASALIS (Floor)
  3. LAMINA ORBITALIS (sides)

LAMINA CRIBROSA: separates the ethmoid bone from the cranial cavity.

LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS: Devides ethmoids into two tubes.

35
Q

ETHMOID BONE
LABYRINTHUS ETHMOIDALIS
-Originates?
- Composed of?

A

Protrudes from the dorsal and lateral walls of the two tubes formed by the division by the LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS

Composed of:
1. ETHMOTURBINATES with air-filled MEATUS ETHMOIDALES.

Each ETHMOTURBINATE possess a:
BASAL leaf -> attached to the wall of the ethmoid or cribriform plate, and a
SPIRAL leaf –> with projects into the nasal cavity.

36
Q
  1. Partition btw nasal and cranial cavity?
  2. What passes through, from where to where?
  3. The cerebral surface is devided into parts by a median ridge called? = Intracranial continuation of the perpendicular plate.
  4. Each half is concave and encloses the olfactory bulb, name of structure?
A
  1. LAMINA CRIBROSA
  2. Olefactory nerve bundles from Olfactory Cortices of the brain –> Olfactory bulbs
  3. Crista Galli
  4. Fossa Ethmoidales
37
Q 
# of rows of Ethmoturbinates?
Additional secondary turbinates?
A

2 rows
In EQ: 3 rows
Additional secondary turbinates can be found in all species, but especially common in dogs!

38
Q

Scrolls of the Ethmoturbinates

A

Usally: Single scroll, ventrally
some: Divide into a ventral and a dorsal scroll

39
Q 
ETHMOTURBINATES can be devided into?
# of turbinates?
A
  1. ENDOTURBINATES - deep-lying, long, extending far into the nasal cavity.
  2. ECTOTURBINATES - shorter, more superficial, normally arranged in single row, EQ: double row!

4endo+6ecto =Dog
7endo+20ecto= PIG
4endo+18ecto=RU
6endo+25ecto=EQ

40
Q

ENDOTURBINATE types

A
  1. Endoturbinate I: CONCHA NASI DORSALIS
  2. Endoturbinate II: CONCHA NASI MEDIAE
  3. Maxilla: CONCHA NASI VENTRALIS =Maxilloturbinates

The endoturbinates protrude into the nasal cavities and forms part of the nasal meatus.

41
Q

Nasal meatuses

A

There are 3 nasal meatuses:
1. DORSAL NASAL MEATUS:
Btw the roof of the nasal cavity and the DORSAL NASAL CONCHA

  1. MIDDLE NASAL MEATUS:
    btw the two nasal concha
  2. VENTRAL NASAL MEATUS:
    Btw the ventral nasal concha and the floor of nasal cavity.
42
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL

A

Occipital - Hypoglossal n(XII)+ A/V Condylaris -
OFFEN DOUBLE IN OX,
FORAMEN IN EQ

43
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

OPTIC CANAL

A

Presphenoid - Optic n(II)

- Lies above the sphenoidal sinus

44
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

Orbital fissure

A

Presphenoid - Ophthalmic nerve (V1); III, IV, VI Cranial n.-

IN CAR + EQ

45
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN ROTUNDUM

A

Presphenoid - Maxillary nerve (V2) -

FORAMEN ORBITOROTUNDUM in RU+PIG

46
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN ALARE CAUDALE

A

Basisphenoid - Maxillary A. - In DOG+EQ

47
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN ALARE ROSTRALE

A

Basisphenoid - Maxillary A. - in DOG + Maxillary N (V2)

48
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN ALARE PARVI

A

Basisphenoid - Rostral Deep Temporal A - ONLY IN EQ

49
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN LACERUM

A 
Basioccipital, Temporal, Basisphenoid - 
\+Internal carotid a
\+Middle meningeal a.
\+Mandibular N(V3)
- In EQ and PIG
50
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN JUGULARE

A

Basioccipital, Temporal -

IX,X,XI Cranial Nerve; In dog: Internal Carotid A - Foramen lacerum as the caudal part

51
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN OVALE

A

Basisphenoid - Mandibular N(V3) - in the HORSE: The Incisura Ovalis lies in the For.Lacerum.

52
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

CANALIS CAROTICUS

A

Basisphenoid - Internal Carotid A (Ø DOG); Internal Carotid Nerve - In the HORSE: Incisura carótica of For.LAcerum

53
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN SPINOSUS

A

Basisphenoid - Trochlear N(IV)+ Middle Meningeal A. - In the HORSE: Incissura Spinosa in the foramen lacer.

54
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN SUPRAORBITALE

A

Frontal - Frontal N(V1)+A/V.Frontalis - MISSING in CARNIVORES!

55
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN ETHMOIDALE

A

Frontal - Ethmoidal nerve (V1)+ Ethmoidal vein + EXTERNAL ethmoidal artery.

56
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FISSURA PETROOCCIPITALIS

A

Temporal/Occipital - Greater petrosal N (VII) + Chorda Tympani (VII)

57
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN RETROARTICULARE

A

Squamos Temporal - Emmissary veins for temporal sinus

58
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

AREA FACIALIS

A

Petrous part - Facial N(VII) - Meatus Accusticus Internus

59
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

AREA COCHLEARIS

A

Temporal - Cochlear N(VIII) - Meatus accusticus Internus

60
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

AREA VESTIBULARIS DORSALIS

A

Temporal - Vestibular N(VIII) - Meatus accusticus Internus

61
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

AREA VESTIBULARIS VENTRALIS

A

Temporal - Vestibular N(VIII) - Meatus Accusticus Internus

62
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN STYLOMASTIODEUM

A

Petrous part/Tympanic Part - Facial N(VII)

63
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN MAXILLARE

A

Maxilla - Infraorbital N(V2), V/A - Fossa Pterygopalatina

64
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN PALATINA CAUDALIS

A

Maxilla - Greater Palatine N(V2)+V/A - Fossa Pterygopalatina

65
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN SPHENOPALATINA

A

Maxilla - caudal nasal n(V2)+sphenopalatine a/v - Fossa Pterygopalatina

66
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN INFRAORBITALIS

A

Maxilla - Infraorbital N(V2)+V/A

67
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

CANALIS INTERINCISIVA

A

Incisive - Greater Palatine A

68
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN MANDIBULARE

A

Mandibula - Mandibular N(V3)+a/v

69
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN MENTALE

A

Mandibula - Mental N(V3)+a/v

70
Q

OPENINGS - Bones - Transmitted structures - Particulars

FORAMEN PALATINA MAJOR

A

Palatina - Greater Palatine N(V2)+Artery - Greater Palatine vein = ONLY in small RU

Anatomy 3 Final DIV Questions (2 decks)

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