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Anatomy 3 Final DIV Questions > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

A
  • Not a single nerve but nummerous nonmyelinated AXONS

Location:
- Cellbodies located within
OLFACTORY epithelium

  • AXONS pass through: CRIBRIFORM PLATE of ethmoid —> OLFAcTORY bulb where they SYNAPSE

Terminal Nerve:
From VOMERONASAL organ is combined with OLFACtORy n.
- This thin nerve end in rostral part of RHINENCEPHALON

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2
Q

OPTIC NERVE (CN II)

A

Is not s true peripheral nerve
—> but a TRaCt of the Brain

ORIGIN: The fibers of the optic nerve originates from RETINA
—> DEVELOPING from DIENCEPHALON
OPTiC nerve also Enclosed by extensions of the MENINGES, DURA.

AXONS Of the optic n. Accumulates at the OPTIC DISC At the RETINA

Enters CRANiAL cavity by OPTIC CANAL
Fibers DECUSSATE at the OPTIC CHIASM!
= forms optic tracts at the base of the Brain

TERMINATION og optic fibers
1. Nucleus Geniculatus lateralis
2. Rostral colliculi of Quadrigeminal plate
3. Nucl. Thalmicus
Where they synapse with fibers which Projects into VISUAL CEREBRAL CORTEX in OCCiPiTaL Lobe!

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3
Q

OCCULOMOTOR N (III)

A

Consist of:

  1. SOMaTIC EFFERENT fibers
    - from the MOTOR Nucleus= Principal Nucleus of this nerve!
  2. VISCERAL EFFERENT neurons
    - from PARASYMPH Nucleus
    Location:
    Within TEGMENTUM of the midBrain

EXITS Brainstem: CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES (Ventral aspect)

Leaves Cranial cavity through:
FORAMEN ROTUNDUM / or combination:
FISSURA ORBITALIS+FOR.ORBITOROTUNDUM

On entering the ORBIT—> DORSAL and Ventral branch.

DORSAL:
- Innervates M.Levator Palpebrae and ends on M. rectus dorsalis

VENTRAL:
- Terminates in Numbers of branches which innervates the:
M. Rectus Medialis
M. Rectus Ventralis and
M. OBLIQUE Ventralis
PARASYMPATHETIC fibers run within the Ventral branch and SYNAPSES with
- POSTGANGLIONIC neurons in the CILIARY GANGLION located at the origin of the branch of Ventral OBLIQUE Muscle.
- POSTGANGLIONIC fibers innervates the CILLIARY M and the Spchincter Pupillary Muscle = Responsible for CONSTRICTION of the pupil!

OCULOMOTOR N: includes some SENSORY FIBERS which joins the Opthalmic branch of the TRIGEMINAL nerve and Extend to the TRIGEMINAL Ganglion

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4
Q

TROCHLEAR NERVE (CN IV)

A

Trochlear nerve consist of MOTOR fibers that arise from the trochlear NUCLEI in the TEGMENTUM of the Midbrain.

INNERVATES: Dorsal oblique m. of the EYE
ONLY nerve that emerges from the DORSAL ASPECT of the BRAINSTEM.

After crossing the contralateral side of the TRAOCHLEAR DECCUSSATION
- Trochlear nerve penetrates the DURA MATER at the ventral fold of the TENTORIUM CEREBELLI –> passes rostrally, laterally to MAXILLARY N.

LEAVES the CRANIAL CAVITY through the
FORAMEN ROTUNDUM, Ø in EQ = A seprerate opening : FORAMEN TROCHLEARE.

The nerve comprises a few SENSORY FIBERS.

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5
Q

TRIGEMINAL N (V)

A 
= A Complex nerve of the mixed type
= LARGEST sensory nerve of the HEAD
Composed of:
- Sensory fibers: FROM the Skin and deeper tissues of the head and 
- Motor fibers TO the:
1.  MASTICATORY muscle
2. MYLOHYOID muscle
3. Rostral portion of DIGASTRICUS muscle.
4. Tensor muscle of SOFT PALATE
5. Tensor TYMPANI Muscle.
  • MOTOR NUCLEUS of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE:
    is found in the METENCEPHALON, deep to the locus caerulus of the FOSSA RHOMBOIDEA.
  • SENSORY fibers arise from PSEUDOUNIPOLAR neurons of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and pass –> Sensory trigeminal NUCLEI in the MESENCEPHALON, PONS and SPINE.

NUCLEI of MESENCEPHALIC TRACTS of the trigeminal nerve consist of: PSEUDOUNIPOLAR Neurons.

  • Pass through the trigeminal ganglion WHITOUT synapsing.
  • This nucleus takes over the role of a sensory ganglion within the brain.

TRIGEMINAL NERVE Emerges on the LATERAL aspect of the RADIX MOTORIA.

TRIGEMINAL GANGLION: is located in a dural fold within the PETROSAL bone.

The nerve LEAVES the Trigeminal Ganglion, it divides:

  1. N. OPTHALMICUS (V1)
  2. N. MAXILLARIS (V2)
  3. N. MANDIBULARIS (V3)
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6
Q

ABDUCENT NERVE VI

A

Provides MOTOR INNERVATION to the:

  1. LATERAL RECTUS BULBI MUSCLE and the:
  2. LATERAL QUARTER of RETRACTOR BULBI M. of the EYEBALL

Its FIBERS ORIGINATE:
In the MOTORNUCLEUS of this nerve in the dorsal part of the PONS, where MOTOR FIBERS of the FACIAL NERVE arch around it.

EMERGES on the rostral end of the lateral ventral GROOVE of the MO

LEAVES The CRANIAL CAVITY through the FORAMEN ROTUNDUM or the FISSURA ORBITALIS.

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7
Q

FACIAL NERVE (VII)

A

The axons of the facial nerve arise from two seperate nuclei in MO,

MOTOR NUCLEUS is located:
VENTRAL part of ROSTRAL MO, close to the PONS.
- Fibers from this nucleus run dorsally, around the ABDUCENT nucleus to curve ventrally again.

  • PREGANGLIONIC parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve ORIGINATES in the PARASYMPATHETIC NUCL.
    = Located caudal to the MOTOR NUCLEUS.

MOTOR+PARASYMPH fibers unite just distal to there emergence of the brainstem, lateral to the TRAPEZOID Body = FORMS ROOTS of FACIAL NERVE.

Joined by sensory fibers from the GENICULATE GGL.

FACIAL N. passes to the: INTERNAL ACCOUSTIC MEATUS, accompanied by the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR N.

ENTERS FACIAL CANAL , passage within the PETROUS TEMPORAL bone. With the GENU of the facial n, the nerve is enlarged to form GENICULATE GGL at the summit of the bend.

BONY Wall of the FACIAL CANAL have slit-like openings towards TYMPANIC CAVITY. In this location, the FACIAL NERVE is separated from the MIDDLE EAR only by MUCOSAL LINING the TYMPANIC CAVITY.

Thus FACIAL nerve paralysis is offen associated with infections in the middle ear.

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8
Q 
FACIAL N (VII)
Gives off which branches
A
  1. N. PETROSUS MAJOR
    - mainly composed of parasymph. fibers –> Forming the synapses in the PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION.
    POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS innervates:
    a. Lacrimal Gland
    b. Nasal Gland
    c. Palatine Gland
  2. N. STAPEDIUS
    - Provides motor innervation to the M.Stapedius in the middle ear.
  3. CHORDA TYMPANI within the facial Canal.
    - Encloses the tympanic cavity
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9
Q

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR N (VIII)

A

Provides SENSORY innervation ONLY
- composed of VESTIBULAR N.
—> relation with BALANCE and COCHLEAR N.
COCHLEAR N—> HEARING

- Vestibular nerve Connects the vestibular apparatus of the INNER EAR and BRAIN.
Location of Bipolar neurons
1. Vestibular ganglion
 (within FUNDUS of meatus ACCUSTICUS internus)
Peripheral fibers arise
2. CRISTAE AMpULLARES
3. Maculae 
Of the membranous labyrint 
COCHLEAR nerve 
Transmitter impulses from EAR —> Brain 
= HEARING
Spiral ganglion 
Haircells: ORGAN of CORTI

CoClear root + vestibular root —> Enters the TRAPEZOID body to terminates in MO! (Ventral and DORSAL COCHLEAR Nuclei)

CoClear nucleis are the starting points for the AUDITORY PATHWAY

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10
Q

Auditory PATHWAY

A

Intro:
COCHLEAR + VESTIBULAR ROOT —> Enter TRAPEZOID BODY to terminate within the MO in the….

  1. DORSAL and VENTRAL COCHLEAR Nucl
  2. After deccusating, the fibers pass through the MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY and the CAUDAL COLLICULI of the QUADRIGEMINAL plate.
  3. They ascend with the LATERAL LEMINISCUS to reach the ….
  4. CEREBRAL CORTEX, where they project ONTO the…
  5. ACOUSTIC AREA of the TEMPORAL LOBES
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11
Q

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N (IX)

A

A mixed nerve: S+M

MOTOR: Rostral part of the Nucleus AMBIGUUS of the MO

The Nucleus AMBIGUUS constitutes a common site origin of IX and X fibers.

PARASYMPATHETIC fibers arise from PARASYMPATHETIC Nucleus of GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N.

IX. Nerve arise from: ventrolat asp of MO
—> in close relation to vagus(X) and Accessory N(XI). = VAGUS group

Provides:
SENSOrY INNeRvATIOn —> middle ear+caudal third of Tongue + together with vagus —> PHarYnX

MOTOR innervation —> Dilator of PHARYNX(M.stylopharyngeus) and probably muscles of the soft palate.

SENSORY NEURONS:
Located in the PETROSAL Ggl, devided into:
1. Proximal part
2. Distal part
At the level of the distal ganglion —> Minor petrosal Nerves arise and give off small branches to the TYMPANIC PLEXUS and AUDITORY TUBE.
- It leaves the Tympanic cavity to end in the OTIC GANGLION —> Postganglionic SECRETORIUS fibers continues to the PAROTID and BUCCAL GLands.

Main trunk detatches a branch to the Carotid SINUS —> innervates baroreceptors to the carotid bulb and chemoreceptors in the body.

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N. TERMINATEs by deviding into —>

  1. Lingual branch —> Sensory caudal third of Tongue.
  2. PHARYNGEAL Branch —> plexus (vagus also contributes)

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N. Recieves SYMPATHETIC fibers from CRANIAL CERVICAL ggl.

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12
Q

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N.

In HORSES

A

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N. Passes through the medial compartment of guttoural pouch, in a COMMON FOLD with the HYPOGLOSSAL N.

Inflamation of the guttoural poch may cause damage to these Nerves.
= CHARACTERISED by difficulties in swallowing

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13
Q

VAGUS N (X)

A

Vagus nerve is NOT restricted to the head like the other Cranial N.
—> Widespread distribution to innervate the: VISCERA of
THORACIC and ABDOMINAL CAVITIES

Largest parasymph nerve of the ANS
Mixed n: Motor, Sensory and parasym fibers
1. Motor Fibers: Arrise in the caudal part of the NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS of the MO - joined by additional fibers from the ACCESSORY n.

  1. Sensory: The Cellbodies of the Pseudounipolar sensory neurons are located in the PROX.GGL of the VAGUS N.
  2. Parasymph preganglionic fibers: Cellbodies are located i the PARASYMPH NUCL of the Vagus n. –> Lies immediate caudally to the one for the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL n. in MO
    - -> Long fibers Terminating in the INTRAMURAL Ganglia of thoracic and abdominal VISCERA.
    - -> Parasymph branches of the head synapse in the DISTAL Ganglion. Located at the detachment of the cranial laryngeal nerve.

PROXIMAL GANGLION of the vagus n is located within the FORAMEN JUGULARE.

DETACHMENT of the vagus nerve:
PARASYMPH/CRANIAL PART OF VAGUS N

  1. Meningeal branch
  2. Auricular branch
  3. Pharyngeal Branch –> Pharyngeal plexus
  4. Cranial Laryngeal N:

SYMPHATETIC:
The vagus nerve Receives sympathetic fibers from the Cranial Cervical Ganglion.

DISTAL CERVICAL GANGLION: Visuable?
In DOG, CAT & PIG macroscopically
in HORSE OX and SHEEP microscopically

CERVICAL PART OF THE VAGUS N.
- Begins after the detachment of the cranial laryngeal n.
- Dorsolaterally to the Common carotid a.
COMMON fascial sheet + sympathetic trunk
= constituting the VAGOSYMPATHETIC TRUNK.

At the THORACIC INLET:
The vagus SEPARATES from the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK, PROXIMAL to the MIDDLE CERVICAL Ggl.

THORACIC PART OF THE VAGUS N.
Continues ventral to the SUBCLAVIAN artery
- CARDIAC branches –> cardiac plexus
- Together with the Sympathetic fibers from
–>MIDDLE CERVICAL Ggl.
–> STELLATE Ggl.

  1. CAUDAL (reccurent) LARYNGEAL NERVE
    a. RIGHT CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N.

The LEFT VAGUS, gives rise to the:

b. LEFT CAUDAL (recurrent) nerve
- BOTALLI´S LIGAMENT.
- Its axons, are one of the longest in the body.

  • The 2 CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N
    = MOTOR to all muscles of the larynx, except M.CRICOTHYROIDEA.
  • PARALYSIS of LEFT CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N = “Roaring” in Horses.

VAGAL TRUNK
- GIVE of BRONCHIAL BRANCHES
- Pass through the HIATUS OESOPHAGEA of the Diaphragma.
- Continues as the ABDOMINAL VAGUS N.
- Join the Sympathetic fibers = formation of neural plexus
= Innervation of VISCERAL ORGANS.

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14
Q

PROXIMAL GANGLION location?

A

Within the FORAMEN JUGULARE.

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15
Q

DETACHMENT of the vagus nerve:

PARASYMPH/CRANIAL PART OF VAGUS N.

A
  1. Meningeal branch
  2. Auricular branch (joins a branch from the VII–>skin)
    Only branch of the vagus that innervates the SKIN.
    (1+2: Close to the jugular foramen).
  3. Pharyngeal Branch –> Joins the Glossopharyngeal branch in the formation of the PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS.
    sensory to the mucosa of:
    a. Epiglottis
    b. Trachea
    c. Oesophagus.
    (Branches for Constrictors of the pharynx + roof of tongue arise from Pharyngeal plexus)
  4. Cranial Laryngeal N:
    Arrise from the vagus n. at the DISTAL GANGLION.
    = Marks the end of the cranial portion of the vagus n.
    It passes to the larynx, where it decides into a:
    a. External -> Caudal pharyngeal constrictors
    b. Internal branch -> Sensory to the LARYNX
    Before the bifurcation, the cranial laryngeal nerve detaches the DEPRESSOR branch, that run either ALONE or together with the VAGOSYMPATHETIC TRUNK –> CARDIAC PLEXUS
    = Action is to slow down the HEART RATE
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16
Q

VAGUS

SYMPHATETIC:

A

The vagus nerve Receives sympathetic fibers from the Cranial Cervical Ganglion.

DISTAL CERVICAL GANGLION: Visuable?
In DOG, CAT & PIG macroscopically
in HORSE OX and SHEEP microscopically

CERVICAL PART OF THE VAGUS N.
Begins after the detachment of the cranial laryngeal n. It continues along the neck, dorsolaterally to the Common carotid a, enclosed in common fascial sheet with the sympathetic trunk. constituting the VAGOSYMPATHETIC TRUNK.

At the THORACIC INLET:
The vagus SEPARATES from the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK, PROXIMAL to the MIDDLE CERVICAL Ggl.

THORACIC PART OF THE VAGUS N.
Continues ventral to the SUBCLAVIAN artery to ENTER the MEDIASTINUM, where it detaches CARDIAC branches that pass to the cardiac plexus, together with the Sympathetic fibers from the MIDDLE CERVICAL Ggl. and the STELLATE Ggl.

  1. CAUDAL (reccurent) LARYNGEAL NERVE
    The LARGE caudal laryngeal nerve is detached within the THORAX.

a. RIGHT CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N.
- arrises at the level of the arterial COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK.
- Turns around the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN A.
- Acsends along the TRACHEA to the end at the LARYNX

The LEFT VAGUS, gives rise to the:

b. LEFT CAUDAL (recurrent) nerve at the level of BOTALLI´S LIGAMENT.
- ARCHES around the AORTA, where it comes in close contact with the TRACHEOBRONCHAL Ln.
- Continues cranially along the TRACHEA to the LARYNX, medial to the common carotid a. Its axons, are one of the longest in the body.

The 2 CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N
= MOTOR to all muscles of the larynx, except M.CRICOTHYROIDEA. and Sensory to the mucosa of the caudal part of the larynx.
- Detaches cardiac branches right after their origin + small br. to the oesophageal and trachea along their cervical passage.
PARALYSIS of LEFT CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N = “Roaring” in Horses.

VAGAL TRUNK
Continues to the root of the lung, where it decides into dorsal and ventral branches, which unites with their counterparts of the opposite side of the oesophagus to form the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks.
- GIVE of BRONCHIAL BRANCHES
- Pass through the HIATUS OESOPHAGEA of the Diaphragma.
- Continues as the ABDOMINAL VAGUS N.
- Upon reaching the abdominal cavity, it spreads out to join the Sympathetic fibers in the formation of a neural plexus, responsible for the Innervation of VISCERAL ORGANS.

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17
Q

CERVICAL PART OF THE VAGUS N.

A

Begins after the detachment of the cranial laryngeal n. It continues along the neck, dorsolaterally to the Common carotid a, enclosed in common fascial sheet with the sympathetic trunk. constituting the VAGOSYMPATHETIC TRUNK.

  1. Cranial Laryngeal N:
    Arrise from the vagus n. at the DISTAL GANGLION.
    = Marks the end of the cranial portion of the vagus n.
    It passes to the larynx, where it decides into a:
    a. External -> Caudal pharyngeal constrictors
    b. Internal branch -> Sensory to the LARYNX
    Before the bifurcation, the cranial laryngeal nerve detaches the DEPRESSOR branch, that run either ALONE or together with the VAGOSYMPATHETIC TRUNK –> CARDIAC PLEXUS
    = Action is to slow down the HEART RATE

At the THORACIC INLET:
The vagus SEPARATES from the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK, PROXIMAL to the MIDDLE CERVICAL Ggl.

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18
Q

THORACIC PART OF THE VAGUS N.

A

Continues ventral to the SUBCLAVIAN artery to ENTER the MEDIASTINUM, where it detaches CARDIAC branches that pass to the cardiac plexus, together with the Sympathetic fibers from the MIDDLE CERVICAL Ggl. and the STELLATE Ggl.

  1. CAUDAL (reccurent) LARYNGEAL NERVE
    The LARGE caudal laryngeal nerve is detached within the THORAX.

a. RIGHT CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N.
- arrises at the level of the arterial COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK.
- Turns around the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN A.
- Acsends along the TRACHEA to the end at the LARYNX

The LEFT VAGUS, gives rise to the:

b. LEFT CAUDAL (recurrent) nerve at the level of BOTALLI´S LIGAMENT.
- ARCHES around the AORTA, where it comes in close contact with the TRACHEOBRONCHAL Ln.
- Continues cranially along the TRACHEA to the LARYNX, medial to the common carotid a. Its axons, are one of the longest in the body.

The 2 CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N
= MOTOR to all muscles of the larynx, except M.CRICOTHYROIDEA. and Sensory to the mucosa of the caudal part of the larynx.
- Detaches cardiac branches right after their origin + small br. to the oesophageal and trachea along their cervical passage.
PARALYSIS of LEFT CAUDAL LARYNGEAL N = “Roaring” in Horses.

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19
Q

ABDOMINAL VAGUS N.

A
  • Upon reaching the abdominal cavity, it spreads out to join the Sympathetic fibers in the formation of a neural plexus, responsible for the Innervation of VISCERAL ORGANS.
20
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
Olfactory N. (I)

A

Olfactory N. (I) - S: Sense of smell

21
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
OPTIC N(II)

A 
OPTIC N(II)
OPTIC N(II) - S: Sight
22
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
OCULOMOTOR (III)

A

OCULOMOTOR (III)
M: Superficial levator muscle of eyelid and all the muscles of the eyeball apart from the dorsal oblique m. of the eyeball and lateral straight m. of eyeball

PARA: Cilliary M. And Pupillary sphincter M.

23
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
TROCHLEAR (IV)

A

TROCHLEAR (IV)

M: Dorsal Oblique M. of the eyeball

24
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
TRIGEMINAL NERVE, V1, V2 and V3?
Branches of them

A

V1: OPTHALMIC - S+PARA

1: Lacrimal
2: Frontal
3: Nasolabial

V2: MAXILLARY - S+PARA

1: Zygomatic
2: Pterygopalatina N.
- Caudal nasal
- Major Palatine N.
- Minor Palatine N.
3: Infraorbital N.

V3: MANDIBULAR - M+S+PARA

  1. MAsticatory N.
  2. Med/Lat Pterygoid N.
  3. Buccal N.
  4. Auricolotemporal N.
  5. Inferior Alveolar N.
  6. Lingual N.
25
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
TRIGEMINAL (V): V1: OPTHALMIC

A

V1: OPTHALMIC - S+PARA

1: Lacrimal
2: Frontal
3: Nasolabial

S: Eyeball, conjunctiva, skin in the eye region, olfactory mucosa, parts of the frontal sinus

PARA: By the facial n. for the lacrimal Gl.

26
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
TRIGEMINAL (V): V2: MAXILLARY

A

V2: MAXILLARY - S+PARA
1: Zygomatic

S: Skin of temporal and parietal region, lower eyelid.

2: Pterygopalatina N.
- Caudal nasal
- Major Palatine N.
- Minor Palatine N.

S: Mucosa of the nasal cavity, maxillary cavity, hard and soft palate.

PARA: Fibers from the facial N. for the LACRIMAL GL.

3: Infraorbital N.

S: Teeth of the upper jaw, skin of the nose and upper lip.

27
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
TRIGEMINAL (V): V3: MANDIBULAR

A

V3: MANDIBULAR - M+S+PARA
1. Masticatory N.
M: Masseter M. & Temporal M.

  1. Med/Lat Pterygoid N.
    M: L/M Pterygoid M. & Tensor Tympani M.
  2. Buccal N.
    S: Buccal Mucosa
    PARA: Fibers from glossopharyngeal n. of the buccal gl, parotid gl.
  3. Auricolotemporal N.
    S: Skin in facial region
  4. Inferior Alveolar N.
    M: Mylohyiod M & Rostral part of Digastric M.
    S: Teeth & Upper jaw & lower Lip
  5. Lingual N.
    M: Lateral straight M. of the Eyeball, Lateral Quarter of retractor M of the eyeball.
28
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
FACIAL NERVE (VII)
Branches of them

A

FACIAL NERVE (VII)

  1. Stapedius N.
  2. Caudal Auricular
  3. Cervical Br.
  4. Digastric Br.
  5. Buccal Br.
  6. Intermediate part (Chorda tympani + Major petrosal n)
29
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
FACIAL (VII): 1. Stapedius N.

A

FACIAL (VII): 1. Stapedius N.

M: Stapedius M.

30
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
FACIAL (VII): 2. Caudal Auricular

A

FACIAL (VII): 2. Caudal Auricular
M: Muscles of the Pinna of the Ear
S: Skin of the Pinna of the ear

31
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
FACIAL (VII): 3. Cervical Br.

A

FACIAL (VII): 3. Cervical Br.

M: Muscles of the skin of the neck

32
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
FACIAL (VII): 4. Digastric Br.

A

FACIAL (VII): 4. Digastric Br.

M: Caudal part of digastricus M.

33
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
FACIAL (VII): 5. Buccal Br.

A

FACIAL (VII): 5. Buccal Br.

M: Facial muscles (mimic)

34
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
FACIAL (VII): 6. Intermediate part
(Chorda tympani + Major petrosal n)

A 
FACIAL (VII): 6. Intermediate part
 (Chorda tympani + Major petrosal n)
S: Lingual Mucosa
PARA: 
1. Lacrimal gl
2. Glands of nasal and palate mucosa
3. Sublingual Gl.
4. Mandibular Gl.
35
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VESTIBULO COCHLEAR N (VIII)

A

VESTIBULO COCHLEAR N (VIII)

S: Balance & Hearing

36
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N (IX)

A 
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N (IX) (M,S,PARA)
1. Pharyngeal Branch
M: Caudal Stylopharyngeal M, Pharynx
S: Carotid body (gloms caroticum)
PARA: Parotid & Buccal glands
  1. Lingual Branch
    M: Levator & Tensor M of Soft Palate
    S: Caudal third of tongue
37
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VAGUS N. (X)
Parts and Branches

A 
VAGUS N. (X)
A. CRANIAL PART (M+S+PARA):
1. Auricular branch
2. Cranial Laryngeal Br
3. Depressor N.

B. CERVICAL PART:
1. = Connected to the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK

C. THORACIC PART (M+PARA)

  1. Right caudal laryngeal N -> Around the RIGHT COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK
  2. Left caudal laryngeal N -> Around the AORTA
  3. Dorsal vagal Trunk
  4. Ventral Vagal Trunk

D. ABDOMINAL PART (PARA)
= ORGANS in THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY

38
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VAGUS N. (X)
A. CRANIAL PART:

A

VAGUS N. (X)
A. CRANIAL PART: (M,S, PARA)
1. Auricular branch
S: Skin inside the pinna of the ear

  1. Cranial Laryngeal Br
    M: Cricothyroid M. of the Larynx
  2. Depressor N.
    PARA: Cardiac Plexus
39
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VAGUS N. (X)
B. CERVICAL PART:

A

B. CERVICAL PART:

1. = Connected to the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK

40
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VAGUS N. (X)
C. THORACIC PART:

A

C. THORACIC PART (M+PARA)
1. Right caudal laryngeal N -> Around the RIGHT COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK
M: All laryngeal muscles apart from Crocothyroid M.
PARA: Organs in pectoral cavity

  1. Left caudal laryngeal N -> Around the AORTA
  2. Dorsal vagal Trunk
  3. Ventral Vagal Trunk
41
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VAGUS N. (X)
D. ABDOMINAL PART

A

D. ABDOMINAL PART: PARA

PARA: ORGANS in THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY

42
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
VAGUS ACCESSORY N (XI)

A

VAGUS ACCESSORY N (XI) (M)
1. Dorsal Branch
M: Brachiocephallic M, Trapezius M. Omotransverse M.

  1. Ventral Branch
    M: Sternocephallic M.
43
Q

SUMMARY of the AREAS of INNERVATION of the CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVE-INNERVATION(M,S,PARA)
HYPOGLOSSAL N (XI)

A 
HYPOGLOSSAL N (XI) (M)
M: Lingual Musculature
44
Q

ACCESSORY N (X)

A
  • PART of VAGUS GROUP
  • Origin: consists of Muscle Fibers ONLY, but receives SYMPHATETIC fibers from the cranial Cervical Ggl.
    Has 2 ROOTS:
    1. CRANIAL Root: having its origin from Caudal part of the NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS of MO. Leaves the ACCESSORY N. To join the Vagus N.
  1. SPINAL Root: have their cell bodies in the NUCLEUS of the ACCESSORY N.
    - -> Located in the cervical part of the Spinal Chord.

These leaves the spinal chord on the lateral aspect and combine in a TRUNK that runs along the spinal chord to enter the cranial cavity through FORAMEN MAGNUM.

  • ACCESSORY N. EXIT the SKULL FROM:
    FOR. JUGULARE (together w/ IX & X)
  • It decides into 2 branches: Ventral to the wing of atlas.
  1. Ventral branch
    - Innervate the STERNOCEHPHALLIC M.
  2. Dorsal branch
    - Passes caudodorsally btw the BRACHIOCEPHALLIC and SPLENIUS M. to INNERVATE the covering:
  3. Brachiocephallic M.(except cleidobrachialis)
  4. Omotransversarius M.
  5. Trapezius M.
45
Q

HYPOGLOSSAL N (X)

A
  • The fibers of the hypoglossal nerve originate in the HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS of the CAUDAL MEDULLA.
  • They emerge LATERAL to the PYRAMIDS
  • Pass through the DURA MATTER
  • Their combined trunk leaves through the HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL!
  • It passes rostrally btw the (X) N. and the (XI) N. to reach the TONGUE, where it decides into:
    1. DEEP
    2. SUPERFICIAL branch
  • INNERVATES both INTRINSIC and EXTINSIC M. of the tongue
46
Q 
HYPOGLOSSAL N (X)
In HORSE
A
  • It passes through the medial compartment of the GUTTURAL POUCH, in a common fold with the Glossopharyngeal M.
  • It crosses the INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY and runs parallel to the Linguofacial TRUNK to the root of the tongue.
  • INFECTIOUS DISEASE or IDIOPATHIC LESION of GUTTURAL POUCHES can lead to damage of this nerve and are characterised by PARALYSIS of the TONGUE.

Anatomy 3 Final DIV Questions (2 decks)

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