Skeleton and bone quiz Flashcards
How many bones are there in the human body
206
What 3 major areas are bones separated into?
- Head
- Trunk
- Upper and lower limbs
What are the two differnt types of bones found in the head
- Cranial
- Facial
What are the cranial bones? Joined by + Function
- Joined by sutures
- Encase and protect the encephalon, its fluids, and membranes.
What are sutures?
immouveble joint lines that define the cranial bones (they only fuse together around 2 years of age)
What are facial bones?
- Give the face its shape.
- Supports the sense organs (eyes, nose, ear and mouth)
- Provides passageways for the sensory and motor nerves
- The mandible (only mobile bone in head) allows us to chew food.
What are the two types of bones associated with the bones of the trunk
Rib bones and vertebral column
What are the different type of 12 rib bones?
- 7 pairs of true ribs: connected to the sternum by cartilage
- 3 pairs of false ribs: connected to true ribs by cartilage
- 2 pairs of floating ribs: not connected in the front
What are the different types of the 33 veretbrea column bones?
- 24 articulated
- 9 fused
What are the articulated vertebrae sperated by?
intervertebral discs
What is the function of the rib cage?
Protects heart and lungs from impact or injury
What are the intercostal muscles responsible for?
Inhaling and exhaling
What is the function of the vertebral column?
Surrounds and protects the spinal cord
How are the arms connected to the trunk?
Pectoral girdle (clavicle & scapula)
What are the bones of the arm?
Humerus, radius, ulna
What are the bones of the hand?
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
What is prehension?
The ability to manipulate objects
How are the legs connected to the trunk?
Pelvic girdle (iliac bones)
What are the bones of the leg?
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula
What are the bones of the foot?
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
What is spongy bone?
A light, low density bone with spaces between the plates and bars of bone
What is compact bone?
Dense outer layer of bone
What are bones made of?
Calcium and phosphorous
What are bones covered by?
Periosteum - the outer covering of bone which is highly vascularized, supplying blood to the bone tissue and allowing bone growth and repair.
What are long bones?
Bones that are longer than they are wide, function as levers moved by bones.
What is yellow bone marrow?
It is composed of fat, and stem cells that can become cartilage, fat or bone. It is also an energy reserve
What are examples of long bones?
humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula
What is the epiphysis of a long bone?
The rounded end of a long bone, red bone marrow is found.
What is red bone marrow?
Contains stem cells, where RBC, WBC and platelts can be formed
What are short bones?
- Mostly made of spongy bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone.
- Cubic shape
- Found in tarsals and carpels, that allow for greater movement
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
The long shaft of a long bone, yellow bone marrow is found here.
What is yellow bone marrow?
It is composed of fat, and stem cells that can become cartilage, fat or bone. It is also an energy reserve
What are examples of short bones?
carpals and tarsals
What are flat bones?
a thin layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
What are examples of flat bones?
cranial, sternum, scapula, ribs
What are examples of irregular bones?
vertebrae, facial bones, pelvic bones
What are irregular bones?
Bones that are not long, short or flat, and that may protect or support
What are sesamoid bones?
Siamese seed bone that form in tendons as a way to support the pressure exerted.
What are examples of sesamoid bones?
patellae
