Skeleton And Alignment

Question 0

Name two parts of the skeleton

Answer 0

1. Axial- skull, spine, ribs

2. Appendicular- legs and arms

Question 1

Name five functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Provides red bone marrow
3. Protection of organs
4. Allow accurate movement when muscles contract by giving rigidity
5. Storage of minerals e.g. Calcium, and some fats for energy

Question 2

Name the four types of bone and give examples

Answer 2

1. Long- tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, clavicle and femur.
2. Short- carpal, tarsal and patella
3. Flat- cranium, scapula, sternum, ribs and pelvis
4. Irregular- sacrum, coccyx, spine and mandible

Question 3

What’s the cranium?

Answer 3

The skull

Question 4

What’s the scapula?

Answer 4

Shoulder blade

Question 5

What’s the clavicle?

Answer 5

The collar bone

Question 6

What’s the mandible?

Answer 6

The jaw and chin

Question 7

What’s the humerus?

Answer 7

Upper arm

Question 8

What’s the sternum?

Answer 8

Chest between the ribs

Question 9

What are the ribs?

Answer 9

Bones encasing essential organs e.g the heart and lungs

Question 10

What’s the spine?

Answer 10

Built up of vertebrae, runs from the pelvis to the back of skull

Question 11

What’s the ulna?

Answer 11

Lower arm bone (behind/outside)

Question 12

What’s the radius?

Answer 12

Lower arm bone that rotates (inside/front)

Question 13

What’s the pelvis?

Answer 13

Hip bone

Question 14

What’s the sacrum?

Answer 14

In the middle of the pelvis

Question 15

What’s the coccyx?

Answer 15

Small irregular bone below the sacrum

Question 16

What are the carpals?

Answer 16

The small bones before metacarpals (wrist)

Question 17

What are the metacarpals?

Answer 17

Long hand bones

Question 18

What are the phalanges?

Answer 18

Long fingers bones and feet bones below the metacarpals and metatarsals

Question 19

What’s the femur?

Answer 19

The long upper leg bone

Question 20

What’s the patella?

Answer 20

Knee bone

Question 21

What’s the fibula?

Answer 21

Thinner bone behind tibia (lower leg)

Question 22

What’s the tibia?

Answer 22

Thicker bone in front of fibula (lower leg)

Question 23

What are the tarsals?

Answer 23

Small bones before longer feet bones (ankle)

Question 24

What are the metatarsals?

Answer 24

Longer feet bones

Question 25

How does exercise help to build stronger bones? (8 points)

Answer 25

Hard connective, living tissue and exercise helps to build stronger bone by imposing stress. As the condition of the bone improves, calcium salts in the matrix of the bone are deposited. Bone density reaches its peak at the age of 20.

Question 26

What are the typical injuries to the bone?

Answer 26

Stress fracture and fracture

Question 27

What are the symptoms/causes for a stress fracture? (5 points)

Answer 27

They are localised cracks in the bone due to repeated stress. This stress can come from jumping on an unsuitable, hard floor and having poor alignment. Most common

Question 28

How can stress fractures be treated?

Answer 28

Rest, remedial correction, heat, stretch

Question 29

What are the symptoms/ causes for fracture?

Answer 29

Breaking the actual bone
Fractures are uncommon
However the most common is twisting/ rotating the ankle

Question 30

How do you treat a fracture?

Answer 30

Plaster cast for 6 weeks, strapping