Skeleton And Alignment Flashcards
Name two parts of the skeleton
- Axial- skull, spine, ribs
2. Appendicular- legs and arms
Name five functions of the skeleton
- Support
- Provides red bone marrow
- Protection of organs
- Allow accurate movement when muscles contract by giving rigidity
- Storage of minerals e.g. Calcium, and some fats for energy
Name the four types of bone and give examples
- Long- tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, clavicle and femur.
- Short- carpal, tarsal and patella
- Flat- cranium, scapula, sternum, ribs and pelvis
- Irregular- sacrum, coccyx, spine and mandible
What’s the cranium?
The skull
What’s the scapula?
Shoulder blade
What’s the clavicle?
The collar bone
What’s the mandible?
The jaw and chin
What’s the humerus?
Upper arm
What’s the sternum?
Chest between the ribs
What are the ribs?
Bones encasing essential organs e.g the heart and lungs
What’s the spine?
Built up of vertebrae, runs from the pelvis to the back of skull
What’s the ulna?
Lower arm bone (behind/outside)
What’s the radius?
Lower arm bone that rotates (inside/front)
What’s the pelvis?
Hip bone
What’s the sacrum?
In the middle of the pelvis
What’s the coccyx?
Small irregular bone below the sacrum
What are the carpals?
The small bones before metacarpals (wrist)
What are the metacarpals?
Long hand bones
What are the phalanges?
Long fingers bones and feet bones below the metacarpals and metatarsals
What’s the femur?
The long upper leg bone
What’s the patella?
Knee bone
What’s the fibula?
Thinner bone behind tibia (lower leg)
What’s the tibia?
Thicker bone in front of fibula (lower leg)
What are the tarsals?
Small bones before longer feet bones (ankle)
What are the metatarsals?
Longer feet bones
How does exercise help to build stronger bones? (8 points)
Hard connective, living tissue and exercise helps to build stronger bone by imposing stress. As the condition of the bone improves, calcium salts in the matrix of the bone are deposited. Bone density reaches its peak at the age of 20.
What are the typical injuries to the bone?
Stress fracture and fracture
What are the symptoms/causes for a stress fracture? (5 points)
They are localised cracks in the bone due to repeated stress. This stress can come from jumping on an unsuitable, hard floor and having poor alignment. Most common
How can stress fractures be treated?
Rest, remedial correction, heat, stretch
What are the symptoms/ causes for fracture?
Breaking the actual bone
Fractures are uncommon
However the most common is twisting/ rotating the ankle
How do you treat a fracture?
Plaster cast for 6 weeks, strapping
