Skeleton Flashcards
What are the key functions of the skeleton?
- production of blood cells
- storage of minerals
- protection of vital organs
- muscle attachments
- formation of joints for movement
What is produced in the bone marrow?
- platelets
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
What do platelets do?
Help clot blood when you are cut
What do red blood cells do?
Transport oxygen to working muscles
What do white blood cells do?
Help fight infections
What does calcium and phosphorus do?
Stored in bones to help strengthen them
Give an example where the skeleton protects vital organs
Your skull protects your brain if an opponent follows through wildly with their hockey stick, and it hits you in a game.
Where does movement occur?
Joints of the skeleton
How does the skeleton aid movement?
Bones provide a place for the muscles to attach to, so that when they contract the pull the bones to cause movement
Do bones act as levers?
Yes
What do long bones do?
Aid movement by working as levers
Give an example if some long bones:
- humerus
* femur
Why are short bones useful?
They are weight bearing and provide support
Give an example of use for short bones:
Supporting body weight during a handstand
Give an example of use for long bones:
Work as levers root increase the pace of a ball when kicked
Why are flat bones useful?
They provide protection and a broad surface for muscles to attach to
Give an example of use for flat bones:
The cranium protects the brain if hit in the head with a ball
Why are irregular bones useful?
Irregular bones provide protection and a place for muscle attachment
Give some examples of short bones
- the carpals
* the tarsals
Give example of flat bones:
- the cranium
- the ribs
- the scapula
Give an example of irregular bones:
The vertebrae
Give an example of use for irregular bones:
Muscles attached to the vertebrae allow a hockey player to bend their back low to dribble a ball.
What is a joint?
A joint is the place where 2 or more bones meet. It is a place where movement can occur
Where are hinge joints located?
- knee
- elbow
- ankle
What are the movements at a hinge joint?
- flexion
* extension
Where are ball and socket joints located?
- hip
* shoulder
What movements can be made at a ball and socket joint?
- flexion
- extension
- rotation
- circumduction
- abduction
- adduction
Where is the pivot joint located?
At the neck (atlas and axis)
What movements can be made at a pivot joint?
Rotation
Where can a condyloid joint be located?
Wrist
What movements can a condyloid joint make?
- flexion
- extension
- circumduction
What is flexion?
The angle at a joint decreases
At what joints can flexion occur?
- hinge
- ball and socket
- condyloid
Give an example of flexion:
Lower part of your leg gets closer to the upper part of your leg as the angles at the joint decrease.
What is extension?
The angle at a joint decreases
At what joints does extension occur?
- hinge
- ball and socket
- condyloid
Give an example of when extension happens at a joint;
At the knee when following through after kicking a ball.
The lower part of your leg gets further away from the upper part of your leg as the angle at the joint increases.
