Skeleton

Question 1

how many bones in the axial skeleton

Answer 1

80

Question 2

how many bones in the skull

Answer 2

22

Question 3

how many cranial bones

Answer 3

8

Question 4

how many facial bones

Answer 4

14

Question 5

what are the cranial bones

Answer 5

2 parietal (top); 2 temporal (sides); 1 frontal (front); 1 occipital (back); 1 sphenoid (eye orbit); 1 ethmoid (nasal area)

Question 6

temporal bone

Answer 6

zygomatic process – supports cheek;

mandibular fossa – rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process and forms the socket for the mandibular condyle, the point where the mandible joins the cranium;

styloid process – attach muscles for speaking and swallowing;

external auditory canal – ear canal;

mastoid process – attach neck muscles

Question 7

occipital bone

Answer 7

foramen magnum – large opening for spinal cord;

occipital condyles – articulate with vertebral column (atlas)

Question 8

sphenoid bone

Answer 8

greater wings – form part of eye orbit;

lesser wings – provide anchoring site for dura mater;

sella turcica – depression where the pituitary gland is found;

optic canals – allow passage of optic nerves

Question 9

ethmoid bone

Answer 9

perpendicular plate – forms superior part of nasal septum;

cribiform plate – contains tiny holes for passage of olfactory nerves;

crista galli – provides point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull

Question 10

paranasal sinuses

Answer 10

cavities in frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones; contain sinuses; all help to lighten weight of the skull, and all are lined with mucous membrane to help filter incoming air and trap particles

Question 11

what are in the facial bones

Answer 11

2 maxillary (upper jaw); 2 palatine (hard palate); 2 zygomatic (cheek); 2 lacrimal (eye orbit; contain lacrimal or tear glands); 2 nasal (bridge of nose); 2 inferior nasal conchae (nostrils); 1 vomer ( part of nasal septum); 1 mandible (lower jaw; only movable bone in skull; mandibular condyles – articulation point of mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone thus forming the tempero-mandibular joint

Question 12

sutures of the skull

Answer 12

immovable joints; coronal (frontal/parietal); lambdoidal (occipital/parietal); sagittal (parietal/parietal); squamosal (parietal/temporal)

Question 13

auditory ossicles

Answer 13

bones in middle ear; Hammer (Maleus); Anvil (Incus); Stirrup (Stapes)

Question 14

hyoid

Answer 14

movable (speech & swallowing); located in throat above the larynx; does not directly attach to any other bone; serves as point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles

Question 15

vertebral column

Answer 15

7 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 1 sacrum; 1 coccyx;

Question 16

4 normal curves

Answer 16

forward cervical
backward thoracic
forward lumbar
backward sacral

{backward curves are primary curves (present in fetus)}

Question 17

what are 3 possible abnormal vertebral curvatures

Answer 17

1. scoliosis
2. kyphosis
3. lordosis

Question 18

scoliosis

Answer 18

abnormal lateral curve, most often in the thoracic region; particularly
among adolescent girls; can be corrected with a back brace

Question 19

kyphosis

Answer 19

(hunchback) – an exaggerated thoracic curvature

Question 20

lordosis

Answer 20

(swayback) – an exaggerated lumbar curvature

Question 21

structure of a vertebra

Answer 21

body (supports weight);

vertebral or neural arch (protects spinal cord);

spinous process (attachment of soft tissue);

transverse processes (attachment of soft tissue)

Question 22

sternum

Answer 22

manubrium (articulates with clavicle);

body (main part);

xiphoid process (soft tissue attachment);

manubriosternal joint (moves during inhalation);

sternal puncture (test for anemia; highest % of RBC in sternum)

Question 23

ribs

Answer 23

true or vertebrosternal (1-7) – attach directly to sternum;

false or vertebrochondral (8-10) - indirectly attach to sternum;

floating (11-12) – do not attach to sternum; all ribs attach to vertebral column

Question 24

structure of a rib

Answer 24

head (attaches to vertebral column);

neck (short & flattened); tubercle (articulates with transverse process of vertabra);

shaft or body (longest part; may attach to sternum)

Question 25

how bones in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 25

126

Question 26

what makes up the pectoral girdle

Answer 26

Clavicle (2) - collarbone

Scapular (2) – shoulder-blade; triangular body;
•spine on posterior surface;
acromion (articulates with clavicle);
•glenoid fossa or glenoid cavity (articulates with head of humerus)

Question 27

what makes up the brachium

Answer 27

Humerus (2) – head; greater & lesser tubercles (attach scapular muscles); shaft; lateral & medial epicondyles (attach muscles of forearm and fingers)

Question 28

what makes up the forearm

Answer 28

Ulna (2) – olecranon process ; trochlear notch (together they both form elbow
Joint)

Radius (2) – head (flat); rotates

Question 29

carpus/ wrist

Answer 29

16 carpal bones

Question 30

palm

Answer 30

10 metacarpal bones

Question 31

fingers

Answer 31

28 bones

phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal in fingers; proximal and distal in thumb)

Question 32

pelvic girdle

Answer 32

Coxae (2) –
•ilium (largest);
•ischium (bears weight when seated);
•pubis (forms joint with other pubis bone);
•pubic symphysis (cartilage between pubis bones);
•acetabulum (deep socket; for head of femur)

Question 33

thigh

Answer 33

Femur (2) – head; greater & lesser trochanters (attach thigh and gluteal muscles); shaft; lateral & medial epicondyles (attach muscles of foreleg)

Patella (2) – kneecap; between epicondyles of femur

Question 34

foreleg

Answer 34

Tibia (2) – medial bone; supports body weight; articulates with knee
Fibula (2) – long, slender bone; does not bear weight; does not articulate with
knee; does support ankle

Question 35

tarsus/ankle

Answer 35

tarsal bones (talus – ankle bone; calcaneus – heel bone)

Question 36

sole

Answer 36

10 metatarsal bones

Question 37

toes

Answer 37

28 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal in toes; proximal and distal in big toe)