Articulation

Question 1

Bony Joint 
(Synostosis)

Answer 1

an immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become a single bone
can form by ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints

Question 2

Examples of Synostosis

bony joint

Answer 2

an infant is born with right and left frontal and mandibular bones; these bones will fuse seamlessly into a single frontal bone and mandible

the epiphyses and diaphysis of a long bone are joined by cartilaginous joints in childhood and adolescence; these become synostoses in early adulthood

Question 3

Fibrous Joint
(Synarthrosis)

Answer 3

a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the other

Question 4

what are the 3 types of synarthrosis (fibrous joint)

Answer 4

1. sutures
2. gomphoses
3. syndesmoses

Question 5

Sutures

Answer 5

are immobile
bind bones of skull
serrate suture – appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock; coronal, sagittal, and lambdoidal sutures
lap suture – occur when two bones have overlapping beveled edges; squamosal suture
plane suture – occur when two bones have straight, non-overlapping edges; between palatine processes of the maxillae in the roof of the mouth

Question 6

Gomphoses

Answer 6

are immobile
attachment of a tooth to its socket
tooth held in place by a fibrous periodontal ligament

Question 7

Syndesmoses

Answer 7

are slightly movable
two bones are bound by relatively long collagenous fibers
radius/ulna – allows for pronation and supination

Question 8

Cartilaginous Joint 
(amphiarthrosis)

Answer 8

two bones are linked by cartilage

Question 9

what are the two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

1. synchondroses

2. symphyses

Question 10

synchondroses

Answer 10

a joint in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage

Question 11

examples of synchondroses

Answer 11

temporary joint between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child, formed by the cartilage of the epiphyseal plate; no movement

attachment of the first rib to the sternum by hyaline costal cartilage

Question 12

symphyses

Answer 12

two bones are joined by fibrocartilage

pubic symphysis – slightly movable joint between two pubic bones

Question 13

synovial joint
(diarthrosis)

Answer 13

freely movable joint

classified by the number of planes of direction the joint moves

Question 14

examples of diarthrosis

synovial joint

Answer 14

monaxial (one plane), hinge joint (elbow), pivot joint (atlas/axis)

biaxial (two planes), gliding joints (between vertebrae), saddle joint (base of thumb)

triaxial (three or more planes), ball-and-socket joint (shoulder and hip)

Question 15

types of joint disorders

Answer 15

1. dislocation
2. sprain
3. arthritis

Question 16

dislocation

Answer 16

displacement of bone and soft-tissue damage; immobilize injured joint; ball-and-socket joint – most frequently dislocated joint

Question 17

sprain

Answer 17

force a joint beyond its normal range of motion; may not result in a dislocation; soft-tissue damage; talotibial joint (ankle) – most frequently sprained joint

Question 18

arthritis (joint inflammation)

Answer 18

different types;

infectious – results from an infection usually due to trauma; common in knee, hip, ankle, elbow, wrist, and shoulder;

osteoarthritis – most common form; degenerative disease; can be caused by over use of a joint, or by trauma; bone spurs may form, and friction develops;

rheumatoid arthritis – an auto-immune disease; detect the RF antibody (Rheumatoid Factor); immune system attacks various joints in the body; can have periods of remission; no cure; can treat with steroids to reduce the swelling