Skeleton

Question 1

Bone tissue that contains few spaces between osteons (haversian systems); forms the external portion of all bones and the bulk of the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones; is found immediately deep to the periosteum and external to spongy bone.

Answer 1

Compact bone tissue

Question 2

Bone tissue that consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates of bone called trabeculae; spaces between trabeculae of some bones are filled with red bone marrow; found inside short, flat, and irregular bones and in the epiphyses (ends) of long bones.

Answer 2

Spongy bone tissue

Question 3

The shaft of a long bone.

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

The end of a long bone, usually larger in diameter than the shaft (diaphysis).

Answer 4

Epiphysis

Question 5

The membrane that lines the medullary (marrow) cavity of bones, consisting of osteogenic cells and scattered osteoclasts.

Answer 5

Endosteum

Question 6

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate in the metaphysis of a long bone.

Answer 6

Epiphyseal line

Question 7

The hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis of a long bone; site of lengthwise growth of long bones.

Answer 7

Epiphyseal plate

Question 8

The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains yellow bone marrow.

Answer 8

Medullary cavity

Question 9

Stem cell derived from mesenchyme that has mitotic potential and the ability to differentiate into an osteoblast.

Answer 9

Osteogenic cells

Question 10

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone, consisting of a central (haversian) canal with its concentrically arranged lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi.

Answer 10

Osteons

Question 11

The membrane that covers bone and consists of connective tissue, osteogenic cells, and osteoblasts; is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.

Answer 11

Periosteum

Question 12

A highly vascularized connective tissue located in microscopic species between trabeculae of spongy bone tissue.

Answer 12

Red bone marrow

Question 13

Irregular latticework of thin plates of spongy bone tissue. Fibrous cord of connective tissue serving as supporting fiber by forming a septum extending into an organ from its wall or capsule.

Answer 13

Trabeculae

Question 14

A joint; a point of contact between bones; cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones.

Answer 14

Articulation

Question 15

A fully movable or diarthrotic joint in which a synovial (joint) cavity is present between the two articulating bones.

Answer 15

Synovial joint

Question 16

A synovial joint in which the rounded surface of one bone moves within a cup-shaped depression or socket of another bone, as in the shoulder or hip joint. Also called a spheroid joint.

Answer 16

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 17

A joint without a synovial (joint) cavity where the articulating bones are held tightly together by cartilage, allowing little or no movement.

Answer 17

Cartilaginous joint

Question 18

A joint that allows little or no movement, such as a suture, syndesmosis, or interosseous membrane.

Answer 18

Fibrous joints

Question 19

A synovial joint in which a convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone, such as the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints. Also called a ginglymus joint.

Answer 19

Hinge joint

Question 20

A synovial joint in which a rounded, pointed, or conical surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament, as in the joint between the atlas and axis and between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Also called a trochoid joint.

Answer 20

Pivot joint

Question 21

A synovial joint in which the articular surface of one bone is saddle-snapped and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like the legs of the rider stirring in the saddle, as in the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb.

Answer 21

Saddle joint