Respiratory System

Question 1

Branch of a respiratory bronchiole around which alveoli and alveolar sacs are arranged.

Answer 1

Alveolar duct

Question 2

Highly phagocytic cell found in the alveolar walls of the lungs. Also called a dust cell.

Answer 2

Alveolar macrophage

Question 3

A cluster of alveoli that share a common opening.

Answer 3

Alveolar sac

Question 4

Neuron capable of responding to changes in blood, air, or fluid pressure.

Answer 4

Baroreceptor

Question 5

The trachea, bronchi, and their branching structures up to and including the terminal bronchioles.

Answer 5

Bronchial tree

Question 6

Branch of a tertiary bronchus further dividing into terminal bronchioles (distributed to lobules of the lung), which divide into respiratory bronchioles (distributed to alveolar sacs).

Answer 6

Bronchiole

Question 7

Sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical.

Answer 7

Chemoreceptors

Question 8

A large, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage lying on top of the larynx, attached to the thyroid cartilage; its unattached portion is free to move up and down to cover the glottis (vocal folds and rima glottidis) during swallowing.

Answer 8

Epiglottis

Question 9

Breathing out; expelling air from the lungs into the atmosphere.

Answer 9

Exhalation

Question 10

Breathing out; expelling air from the lungs into the atmosphere.

Answer 10

External respiration

Question 11

Lack of adequate oxygen at the tissue level.

Answer 11

Hypoxia

Question 12

The act of drawing air into the lungs. Also called inspiration.

Answer 12

Inhalation

Question 13

The exchange of respiratory gases between blood and body cells. Also called tissue respiration or systemic gas exchange.

Answer 13

Internal respiration

Question 14

The inferior portion of the pharynx, extending downward from the level of the hyoid bone that divides posteriorly into the esophagus and anteriorly into the larynx. Also called the hypopharynx.

Answer 14

Laryngopharynx

Question 15

The superior portion of the pharynx, lying posterior to the nose and extending inferiorly to the soft palate.

Answer 15

Nasopharynx

Question 16

The voice box, a short passageway that connects the pharynx with the trachea

Answer 16

Larynx

Question 17

The intermediate portion of the pharynx, lying posterior to the mouth and extending from the soft palate to the hyoid bone.

Answer 17

Oropharynx

Question 18

Hemoglobin combined with oxygen.

Answer 18

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 19

The throat; a tube that starts at the internal nares and runs partway down the neck, where it opens into the esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly.

Answer 19

Pharynx

Question 20

Small potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae.

Answer 20

Pleural cavity

Question 21

The inflow (inhalation) and outflow (exhalation) of air between the atmosphere and the lungs. Also called breathing.

Answer 21

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 22

Complex mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins, produced by type II alveolar (septal) cells in the lungs, that decreases surface tension.

Answer 22

Surfactant

Question 23

Tubular air passageway extending from the larynx to the fifth thoracic vertebra. Also called the windpipe.

Answer 23

Trachea

Question 24

Pair of mucous membrane folds below the ventricular folds that function in voice production.

Answer 24

Vocal folds

Question 25

A small hollow or cavity; an air sac in the lungs; milk-secreting portion of a mammary gland.

Answer 25

Alveolus