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Skeletal Test pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Comminuted fx

A

2+ fragments
Common in older peoples bones that are brittle/Osteoporosis
High Velocity Trauma

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2
Q

Compression fx

A

Bone is crushed
Common for Osteoporosis bones
Gravity/ body weight
Minor forces
Spinal vertabrae

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3
Q

Depressed fx

A

The broken bone portion is pressed inward
Skull (causes brain damage)

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4
Q

Impacted fx

A

Broken bone ends are forced into each other
Someone attempts to break a fall with their out-stretched arms
Colles Fracture- broken radius (elderly)

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5
Q

Spiral fx

A

Twisting forces are applied to a bone
Sports fractures
Common is tibula and fibula

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6
Q

Compound fx

A

Open
This is when the bone ruptures through the skin completely
Worried about Osteomyletis

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7
Q

Stress fx

A

Microfractures in a bone that occurs with repeating forces
Common in runners and dancers
Chronic (repetitive)
excessive impact

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8
Q

Greenstick

A

Bone breaks incompletely
Common in Children whose bones are more flexible than adults
absorb shock

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9
Q

Orthopedic fx

A

Callus
Over collection of bone
The bone wont fracture in the same place it already fratured because of how well the bone heals
OSTEOPOROSIS DOESNT HEAL WELL

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10
Q

Pathologic fx

A

When the bone “breaks” due to an underlying disease that weakens the bone
Osteoporosis
Compression fx
Colles fx
Osteosarcoma- malignant tumor of the bone (destroys neighboring tissue)

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11
Q

Closed Reduction (relocate/realign)

A

Bones are gently coaxed into position by physicians hands
No surgery

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12
Q

Open Reduction

A

Bones are realigned with instruments or by hand during surgery
Surgery

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13
Q

Manipulation (closed reduction)

A

attempt to realign the bone involved or joint dislocation by hand

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14
Q

Traction

A

The external force exerted on a limb in a distal (axial)direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
Pull on foot

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15
Q

External Fixation

A

fx treatment procedure in which hardware/screws are placed through the skin and into the bone so that the external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place while healing
Not easy to walk around
Halo- treats cervical spine fractures

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16
Q

Internal Fixation (open reduction internal fixation ORIF)

A

Fx treatment procedure in which skrews or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
Skrew and Pin
In bone forever, most fractures are treated this way

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17
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Visual examination of the joint; arthroscopic surgery is minimally invasive (3 incisions in the knee)
Canula
Arthroscopic
Arthroscope
If pt needs surgery
Shave rough cartilage to look for it
Can see everything
Reduce Nosocomial infection
Fast heal time

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18
Q

Halo

A

External Fixation
treats cervical spine fractures

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19
Q

Canula

A

Arthroscopy incision
Outside of the synovial fluid capsule blows away tissue and fat to make it easier to see

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20
Q

Arthroscope

A

Arthroscopy
Camera and Light source

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21
Q

Arthroscopic

A

Arthroscopy
Surgical Instrument

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22
Q

Bone Density Test

A

Xray of the hip bone to determine if pt has osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteomalicia

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23
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration

A

Using a needle and syringe to extract liquid from the marrow for transplantation or diagnostic testing
Pelivis easier to harvest bone marrow

24
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT)

A

High powered x-ray machine
30 minutes
Radiation High
Closer and more detail
Soft tissue, swelling, fluid

25
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Image is produced using magnets High powered Very expensive see everything NO RADIATION Lots to fail to get an MRI ordered Align water molecules in your body to face one direction 45- 1:30 minutes claustrophobic
26
X-ray
Cheap Fast easy images with minimal radiation
27
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Blood test to detect RA (look for autoimmune)
28
Bone Scan
Nuclear Medical Imaging (NMI) filter throughout your body Take a picture of where the nuclear isotope or dye was absorbed Dye is absorbed where there is metabolically active areas
29
Arthrocentesis
Removal of fluid in a joint due to injury and swelling
30
Bone Grafting
transplanting bone from one bone to a joint usually in the same pt
31
Bursectomy
Surgical removal of the bursa Reduce friction between a ligament and bone When the bursa is inflamed and won't stop being inflamed
32
Lumbar puncture "Spinal Tap"
Aspirate spinal fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Stick a needle and look for infection
33
Diskectomy
Surgical removal of the intervertebral disk Fibrocartilage outside Jelly donut inside Inflammation on the disk ruptures the disk and the nerves stick out Diese- purposeful, surgical fusion of the bone 18 months heal Put a spacer and put in bone chips
34
Spondylosyndesis
Surgical fusion of a joint
35
Tenotomy
Surgical incision of the tendon
36
Ligament
attaches bone to bone
37
Analegesic
Pain reliever
38
Anti- Inflammatory
Steroid and non Steroid is Rx only Corticosteroids inject directly or orally
39
Antipyretic
Fever reducer
40
Narcotic
a drug that relieves pain and induces sleep by depressing the nervous system ex:opiod
41
Non-steriodal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Advil,tylenol,aleeve (OTC) damage to liver life threatening always with food
42
immunosuppressants
used for autoimmune conditions by interrupting inflammation
43
Ankylosis
A stiff joint caused by adehision or ABN fusion of two bones into 1 Caused by: trauma, scaring caused by autoimmune ex: ankylosis spondylitis
44
Osteoarthritis
Cartilage degen. caused by inflamed synovial fluid resulting from injury to a joint made worse by increased forces cells become inflamed and dissolve/ eat away at the cartilage (where there is more force) Caused by: sports, muscle inequalities, weight barring activities, trauma (fast or micro) Ex: ACL tear Outcome: joint replacement; DJD metal joint replacement where is the cartilage has been eaten away Treated by: orthopedics, pt, chiro Synovial capsule where the synovial fluid is held
45
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
The patient's own immune system is causing inflammation in joint. will go for anything Destroys all joints Loves the METACARPLE Rheumatologist Cartilage then the bone
46
Gout
Autoimmune arthritis in which URIC ACID crystals are deposited in the joint Caused by: inflamed synovial fluid and uric crystals scrapes the cartilage anytime you add force permanent damage to the joint OA and Gout at the same time loves the TOE
47
Kyphosis
accentuated THORACIC curve Caused by: Trauma ex: stepping off a curb creates a fulcrum that creates a kyphotic curve Common if they already have osteoporosis
48
Osteoporosis
Lack of phosphorus and Calcium in the bones Chronic loss of bone density no size brittle Slowly over time Tx- Meds, Exercise, Diet (lots of calcium) Can lead to death because actions start adding up
49
Lordosis
exaggerated lumbar curve or sway back Congenital- Born with it Abn forward curve This can lead to OA
50
Osteomyelitis
infection of the bone and bone marrow Caused by: infection (post-op) or something could cause a large slice (glass) Infection in the suture Infection down in the skin Occurs when the bone is really close to the skin If the infection gets to your blood supply the area will need to be amputated if an area is not able to be amputated disease is terminal
51
Myeloma
Malignant tumor in the bone marrow
52
Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor of the bone Destroys neighboring tissue
53
Osteoaliga
Bone pain
54
Subluxation
Malagnment of a joint what chiropractors adjust Tiny minor dislocation Luxation- when a bone pops out of the synovial joint usually happens during trauma
55
Dislocation
When a bone pops out of the synovial joint Usually happens during trauma ligament is ruptured Fibrocartilage wont repair never goes back to normal
56
Scoliosis
Exaggerated or any lateral thoracic and lumbar spine More common in females idiopathic you have a chance of getting it if someone in your family has it tends to happen when the pt is skeletally immature (less than 18) Adams forward bend test to identify scoliosis really pronounced angles can affect the heart and lungs Tx: Harrington rod surgery you can get rid of scoliosis 10-14 years old peak of scoliosis curve caused by: inflammation and wear and tear brace isn't proven to help

Med Term (5 decks)

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