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BIO202 - Anatomy and Physiology 1 & Lab > Skeletal System - Terminologies > Flashcards

Skeletal System - Terminologies Flashcards

1
Q

Typical Long Bone: Epiphyses (singular: epiphysis)

A

Ends of the long bone
Contains hematopoietic tissue (red marrow)

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2
Q

Typical Long Bone: Diaphysis

A

Outer compact bone; inner medullary or marrow cavity

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3
Q

Typical Long Bone: Articular cartilage - Hyaline cartilage

A

Covers bone ends at synovial joints

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4
Q

Typical Long Bone: Spongy (Cancellous or trabeculate) bone

A

Trabeculae (thin plate)
Located at the epiphysis

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5
Q

Typical Long Bone: Compact bone

A

Osteon (Haversion system)

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6
Q

Typical Long Bone: Epiphyseal line

A

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

Typical Long Bone: Medullary or Marrow cavity

A

Center of the diaphysis. Has yellow marrow (adipose tissue)

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8
Q

Typical Long Bone: Periosteum

A

External surface of the entire bone.

Double layered membrane

Fibrous layer: Outer Layer: Dense connective tissue

Osteogenic layer: Inner layer with osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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9
Q

Typical Long Bone: Endosteum

A

Lines the internal surfaces of bone

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10
Q

Bone Histology: Osteon (Haversian system)

A

Weight bearing pillars

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11
Q

Bone Histology: Lamella

A

Concentric (in circles)

Interstitial (between intact osteons)

Circumferential lamellae just deep to, and parallel to the periosteum

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12
Q

Bone Histology: Lacuna

A

“Holes” in the lamellae. Contains osteocyte

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13
Q

Bone Histology: Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cells, “trapped” in lacuna

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14
Q

Bone Histology: Canals

A

Transport nutrients and waste to/ from osteocyte

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15
Q

Bone Histology: Central (Haversian or osteonic) canal

A

Vertical through the core of osteon.

Blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers

Lined with endosteum

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16
Q

Bone Histology: Perforating (Volkmann) canal

A

Runs horizontally

Connect central canals and medullary cavity

Lined with endosteum

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17
Q

Bone Histology: Canaliculus (plural: canaliculi)

A

Project from lacunae like spider legs

Connect lacunae to each other and to the central (Haversian) canal

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18
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Long bones

A

Longer than broad, with epiphyses

All limb bones except the ankle, wrist, and kneecap (patella

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19
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Short bones

A

Roughly cuboid

Carpals and tarsals

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20
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Short bones - Sesamoid bones

A

Shaped like sesame seed

Forms in a tendon in response to stress

Patella (kneecap) – most consistent sesamoid bone in humans

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21
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Flat bones

A

Thin, flattened, and usually curved

Sternum, (breastbone), scapulae (shoulder blades), ribs, and cranial bones

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22
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Irregular bones

A

Not long, short, or flat

The vertebrae, face bones, skull base

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23
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Vertebral curves

A

C-shaped in neonates, S-shaped later in life

Concave cervical, lumbar regions

Convex thoracic, sacral regions

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24
Q

Bones Types by Shapes: Vertebral curves - Abnormal curvatures

A

Scoliosis – lateral curvature

Lordosis – Increased lumbar curve (like in pregnancy)

Kyphosis – Increased thoracic curve (hunchback)

25
Q

Special Features in Bones: Fissure

A

Narrow, slit-like opening

26
Q

Special Features in Bones: Foramen

A

Round or oval opening (usually for passage of nerves and vessels)

27
Q

Special Features in Bones: Fossa

A

Shallow, basin-like depression (usually for articulation)

28
Q

Special Features in Bones: Meatus

A

Canal-like passageway

29
Q

Special Features in Bones: Condyle

A

(Rounded) knuckle-like projection

30
Q

Special Features in Bones: Facet

A

(Smooth, nearly flat) articular surface

31
Q

Special Features in Bones: Trochanter

A

Very large, irregular shaped process

32
Q

Special Features in Bones: Tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

33
Q

Special Features in Bones: Epicondyle

A

(Raised area on or) above a condyle

34
Q

Special Features in Bones: Spine

A

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

35
Q

Special Features in Bones: Process

A

Prominence, projection

36
Q

Special Features in Bones: Sinus

A

Cavity within a bone (filled with air and lined with mucus membrane)

37
Q

Special Features in Bones: Crest

A

(Prominent) Narrow ridge

38
Q

Special Features in Bones: Line

A

Narrow ridge (, less prominent than a crest)

39
Q

Special Features in Bones: Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection or process

40
Q

Special Features in Bones: Neck

A

The region of bone between the head and the shaft

41
Q

Special Features in Bones: Head

A

Bony expansion on a narrow neck

42
Q

Newborn Skull: Fontanels of the skull - Unossified areas

A

Accommodate brain growth (in the fetus and infant)

Allows overlapping for passage through birth canal

43
Q

Newborn Skull: Anterior fontanel

A

Diamond shaped

Borders: 2 frontal, 2 parietal bones

Closes 18 to 24 months

44
Q

Newborn Skull: Posterior fontanel

A

Triangular

Borders: 2 parietal, occipital bones

Closes six to twelve months

45
Q

Newborn Skull: Sphenoid (anterolateral) fontanel

A

Irregular in shape and closure

46
Q

Newborn Skull: Mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel

A

Irregular in shape and closure

47
Q

What is the definition of joints?

A

Point of contact between bone and bone, bone and cartilage, or bone and tooth

48
Q

What are the subclasses for the structural classification of a jibrous joint?

A

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Gomphoses)

49
Q

What are the subclasses for the structural classification of a cartilaginous joint?

A

Symphysis and synchondroses)

50
Q

What are the three structural classification of joints?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial

51
Q

What are the characteristics of the structural classification of joints?

A

Joint capsule

Joint cavity

Joint membrane

Synovial fluid

Articular cartilage

52
Q

What are the functions of the structural classification of joints?

A

Plane or Gliding joints

Hinge joints

Pivot joints

Condyloid or Ellipsoidal joints

Saddle joints

Ball-and-Socket joints

53
Q

What are the functional classifications of joints?

A

Synarthroses

Amphiarthroses

Diarthroses

54
Q

Structures in the knee joint: Tendon

A

Quadriceps femoris

Patella tendon

55
Q

Structures in the knee joint: External collateral ligaments

A

Medial

Lateral

56
Q

Structures in the knee joint: Internal cruciate ligaments

A

Anterior

Posterior

57
Q

Structures in the knee joint: Menisci

A

Lateral

Medial

58
Q

Arches of the foot

A

Lateral

Medial

Transverse

BIO202 - Anatomy and Physiology 1 & Lab (3 decks)

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