Skeletal System Intro

Question 1

The skeleton is constructed of supportive connective tissue, primarily __________.

Answer 1

cartilage and bone (osseous)

Question 2

The skeletal system is divided into two major parts: __________ forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck, chest, ribs, and back.

Answer 2

The axial skeleton

Question 3

The skeletal system is divided into two major parts: __________ includes all bone of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton. (ex: scapula, clavicle, & pelvis)

Answer 3

The appendicular skeleton

Question 4

Five functions of the skeletal system.
#1__________
#2__________
#3__________
#4__________
#5__________

Answer 4

1 Support - bones and cartilage form body’s general shape.

#2 Movement - bones work with muscles to facilitate mvm.
#3 Protection - for internal organs
#4 Hematopoiesis - formation of blood cells (in the bone marrow, RBC & WBC)
#5 Stores and releases minerals and fats

Question 5

Types of bone: Long
* Two parts of the bone include the __________ and __________.
* features: __________
* function: __________
* examples: __________

Answer 5

• epiphysis (ends) & diaphysis (middle)
• cylindrical, longer than they are wide (usually have marrow)
• leverage
• femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, clavicle

Question 6

Types of bone: Short
* features: __________
* function: __________
* examples: __________

Answer 6

• cube-like shape, approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.
• provides stability and support while allowing for SOME motion
• carpals, tarsals

Question 7

Types of bone: Flat
* features: __________
* function: __________
* examples: __________

Answer 7

• thin and curved (not a lot of marrow)
• points of attachment for muscles; protectors of internal organs
• sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bone

Question 8

Types of bone: Irregular
* features: __________
* function: __________
* examples: __________

Answer 8

• complex shape
• protect internal organs
• vertebrae, facial bones

Question 9

Types of bone: Sesamoid
* features: __________
* function: __________
* examples: __________

Answer 9

• small round; embedded in tendons
• protect tendons from compressive forced
• knees, balls of feet, patellae

Question 10

Types of bone cells: Osteogenic cells
* function: __________
* location: __________

Answer 10

• develop into osteoblasts, (“baby cells”)
• deep layers of the periosteum and marrow

Question 11

Types of bone cells: Osteoblasts
* function: __________
* location: __________

Answer 11

• bone formation
• growing portions of bone, periosteum and endosteum

Question 12

Types of bone cells: Osteocytes
* function: __________
* location: __________

Answer 12

• maintain mineral concentration of matrix
• found entrapped in matrix

Question 13

Types of bone cells: Osteoclasts
* function: __________
* location: __________

Answer 13

• bone restoration
• bone surfaces and at sites of old, injured, or unneeded bone