Skeletal System Flash Cards
Muscular System
- functions: works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement; aids circulation and digestion
- structures: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Skeletal System
- functions: supports body; protects internal organs; allows movement; stores minerals; makes new blood cells
- structures: bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
Connective Tissue
- connects and supports body parts
* examples: bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
Muscular Tissue
- contracts and relaxes to create movement
* examples: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, heart muscle
Locomotion
• movement
• in humans, locomotion is
accomplished through the interactions of the muscular and skeletal systems
• allows organisms to get food, find shelter, and avoid predators
Voluntary
• under conscious control • usually involve skeletal muscles • examples: running, eating, talking
Involuntary
• not under conscious control • happens automatically without needing to think about it • involves cardiac/heart muscle • involves smooth muscles that line blood vessels, the digestive tract, respiratory system, etc. • examples: breathing, heart rate, digestion
Striated
- appears to have light and dark bands or stripes because of the way that muscle fibers are lined up
- cardiac and skeletal muscles have this appearance
Skeletal Muscle
- muscle that is attached to bone
- mainly under voluntary control
- striated
Cardiac Muscle
• heart muscle • involuntary • striated
Smooth Muscle
- non-striated muscles of the blood vessels, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, and reproductive system
- involuntary
Endoskeleton
• an internal skeleton
• example: humans have this
type of skeleton
Exoskeleton
• a hard, external skeleton
• examples: insects, crabs,
lobsters, and shells have this type of skeleton
Red Bone Marrow
soft gelatinous tissue that fills the insides of bone cavities (or spaces)
• this type is where new red blood cells are created
Yellow Bone Marrow
- soft gelatinous tissue that fills the insides of bone cavities (or spaces)
- this type is where fat is stored
Joints
• areas where bones connect • different types of joints allow for different ranges of motion • example: the elbow is a hinge joint that allows for back and forth movement in two directions; it works like a door hinge)
Ligaments
- tough, elastic, connective tissue fibers that hold the ends of bones together at movable joints
- letter C in the diagram is a ligament
- think “ligaments like to like” (connects bone to bone)
Tendon
- tough, inelastic connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
- think “tendons two types” (connect muscle to bone)
- letter A in the diagram is a tendon (connects the bicep to the radius bone)
Elastic
• stretchy (to provide flexibility)
Inelastic
• resistant to stretching (to provide strength and resistance to tearing)
Cartilage
- elastic connective tissue found on the ends of bones
- cushions joints between bones
- provides flexibility (ears, nose)
- makes up most of the skeleton of an unborn child and is slowly replaced by bone during growth and development
Contract or Muscle Contraction
• to get shorter and tighter
• this happens to muscles when
they are working; as muscles shorten, they pull on the bones that they are attached to and cause them to move
• example: your bicep shortens, pulling on your radius bone to flex your arm at the elbow
Lever (Leverage)
- a rigid rod (like a length of bone) that turns about a pivot (or a joint)
- muscles and bones act together in this way so that a small amount of force can be used to move a much bigger force
Arthritis
• joint inflammation, pain and stiffness from regular wear and tear
Tendonitis
• injury to a tendon as a result of extreme exertion; symptoms include inflammation and pain
