skeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

flexion

A

bending a joint

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2
Q

extension

A

straightening a joint

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3
Q

plantar flexion

A

pointing toes down

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4
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending the foot towards the leg

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5
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the bodys midline

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6
Q

adduction

A

moving towards the bodys midline

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7
Q

inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot inward

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8
Q

Eversion

A

turning the sole
of the foot
outward

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9
Q

Supination

A

turning the hand
so the palm faces
upward

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10
Q

Pronation

A

turning the hand
so the palm faces
downward

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11
Q

Protraction

A

moving a body

part forward

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12
Q

Retraction

A

drawing a body

part backward

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13
Q

Circumduction

A

circular

movement

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14
Q

Rotation

A

when a bone “spins”

on its axis

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15
Q

Elevation

A

movement of a body part upward

in a frontal plane

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16
Q

Depression

A

movement of a body part

downward in a frontal plane

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17
Q

Opposition

A

movement of the thumb to

touch each finger

18
Q

pivot joints

A

allow rotation

Ex: neck and forearm

19
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

◦ Allow all types of movement, including
rotation
Ex: shoulder and hip

20
Q

Hinge joints

A

Allow opening and closing movements

◦ Ex: elbows and knees

21
Q

Gliding joints

A

◦ Allow flat plate-like bones to slide
back and forth
◦ Ex: wrists and ankles

22
Q

Saddle joints

A

◦ Allow rocking movements in up-
and-down and side-to-side

directions
◦ Ex: base of thumb

23
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints

24
Q

◦ Osteoarthritis

A

joint “wears out”

25
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

autoimmune

disease

26
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

an infection in a

joint

27
Q

sprain

A

Injury to the ligaments in a joint

28
Q

mild, no tear

A

rest, ice elevate

29
Q

Partially torn, bruising,

A

more pain

30
Q

Torn

A

severe pain

31
Q

5 major bone functions

A
structure and support.
2. protects the internal
organs.
3. Provides a place for
muscles to attach
4. Red blood cells are made
inside bones in tissue
called marrow.
5. stores compounds such as
calcium and phosphorus.
32
Q

Epiphyses

A
(ends of long
bones) are covered with
articular cartilage and
articulate (forms a joint)
with other bones.
33
Q

Diaphysis

A

middle of bone

or shaft of bone

34
Q

Endosteum:

A

lines the

medullary canal

35
Q

Medullary Canal:

A
cavity of long bone
Filled with yellow
bone marrow that
functions as a storage
center for fat.
36
Q

Compact Bone

A
Hard & compact
Found along the
medullary canal
Gives long bone
strength
37
Q

Spongy Bone

A
Formed when hard
bone dissolves
away
 Lightweight and
located towards the
end of long bone.
 Found in areas
where less strength
are needed
38
Q

Red Marrow

A
Produced in the spongy
ends of boneArea where
hematopoiesis (formation
of blood cells) takes
place
 Functions in the
formation of Erythrocytes
(RBC), leukocytes
(WBC), & platelets
39
Q

Yellow marrow

A
stores fat.
With age, it replaces much of the red
marrow that occupies the cavities of
most bones.
Can become red marrow if the body
needs blood.
40
Q

Red marrow

A

Red marrow produces red blood cells

(erythrocytes) , white blood cells(leukocytes), and blood platelets
(thrombocytes) .

41
Q

Osteoprosis

A

Decreased bone mass that can be
due to
◦Aging
◦Decreased mobility

◦ Estrogen deficient or post-
menopausal women