intergumary system

Question 1

functions of skin

Answer 1

1. Protection from pathogens
2. Balances fluid levels
3. Stores fatty tissue for
   energy supply
4. Produces vitamin D (with
   help from sun)
5. Provides sensory input
6. Helps to regulate body
   temperature

Question 2

Epidermis:

Answer 2

Epidermis: outer most
layer Made up of epithelial cells
– Nonvascular

Question 3

Dermis:

Answer 3

Dermis: beneath the
epidermal layer
Made up of connective tissue
– Vascular

Question 4

subcutaneous

Answer 4

The third and bottom layer of the skin is called the subcutaneous (say: sub-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) layer. It is made mostly of fat and helps your body stay warm and absorb shocks, like if you bang into something or fall down.

Question 5

Melanin:

Answer 5

– Produced by melanocytes

– Determines skin color

Question 6

carotene

Answer 6

Carotene
– Gives skin yellowish hue
– Jaundice
 Yellowish skin pigmentation usually associated
with liver or gallbladder disease

Question 7

albinism

Answer 7

A group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no melanin production.

Question 8

sebaceous gland

Answer 8

Sebaceous gland, small oil-producing gland present in the skin of mammals. Sebaceous glands are usually attached to hair follicles and release a fatty substance, sebum, into the follicular duct and thence to the surface of the skin.

Question 9

eccrine gland

Answer 9

Eccrine glands occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of your skin.

Question 10

apocrine gland

Answer 10

Apocrine glands open into the hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin

Question 11

acne vulgaris

Answer 11

Acne vulgaris: chronic
disorder of sebaceous
glands: over secretion of
sebum

Question 12

Fungal infections

Answer 12

Tinea Barbae (bearded area)
– Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot)
– Tinea Capitis (scalp)
– Tinea Coporis (ringworm)
– Tinea Cruris (jock itch)
– Tinea Unguium (nails)

Question 13

dermatitis

Answer 13

• Dermatitis: non-specific

inflammation of the skin

Question 14

eczema

Answer 14

non-contagious
inflammatory skin
condition. Dry, red, itchy
areas

Question 15

cellulitus

Answer 15

Inflammation of skin & subcutaneous tissue.

– Caused by a strep or staph infection

Question 16

psoriasis

Answer 16

Consists of dry, reddish patches covered by
“scales”. Usually seen on elbows, knees, shins,
scalp. Cause unknown; may be triggered by
stress

Question 17

boils

Answer 17

AKA: Furuncle ~ bacterial infection of hair follicle or

sebaceous gland; usually caused by staph (MRSA)

Question 18

herpes

Answer 18

Herpes simplex 1 ~ cold sore.
Typically seen around the mouth
– Herpes simplex 2 ~ genital herpes
– Herpes zoster ~ Shingles: Caused by
a viral infection of the nerve endings.
Commonly seen on trunk of body;
accompanied by severe pain
– Herpes varicella ~ chicken pox

Question 19

hpv

Answer 19

Causes warts (verruca);
hypertrophy of keratin cells
in skin; types of warts
–Spread by scratching and
direct contact
–Plantar warts
 Found on sole of foot
 Tend to grow inward

Question 20

lyme disease

Answer 20

•Bacterial infection spread
by deer tick bites
•Signs and symptoms:
–“Bull’s eye” rash
–Flu-like symptoms, fever,
and chills
–Malaise
–Joint inflammation

Question 21

lice

Answer 21

Tiny insect parasites
that live on scalp/skin
• Referred to as
pediculosis
• Lice spread by direct
contact with infested
person or infested
objects (hair brushes,
etc).

Question 22

scabies

Answer 22

Tiny mite that burrows into
skin to lay eggs
• Transmitted via direct
contact with infected
individual
• Mites typically lodge in folds
of skin (wrist, underarms,
groin, under breasts, etc)
• Symptoms: intense itching,
vesicles, and pustules

Question 23

keloid

Answer 23

Etiology: tissue
trauma or surgical
incision
•Signs and
symptoms:
overproduction of
collagen during
tissue repair

Question 24

how does skin heal

Answer 24

Red blood cells help create collagen, which are tough, white fibers that form the foundation for new tissue. The wound starts to fill in with new tissue, called granulation tissue. New skin begins to form over this tissue. As the wound heals, the edges pull inward and the wound gets smaller.

Question 25

what 2 factors are considered?

Answer 25

Determining the severity of a burn usually depends on two key factors: how deep it goes (how far into the layers of skin the burn damage extends) and how wide it is (how much total body surface area it covers).

Question 26

First-degree burns

Answer 26

First-degree (superficial) burns. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin, the epidermis. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example. Long-term tissue damage is rare and often consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color.

Question 27

second degree

Answer 27

Second-degree (partial thickness) burns. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the lower layer of skin, the dermis. The burn site looks red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful.

Question 28

third degree

Answer 28

Third-degree (full thickness) burns. Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. They may go into the innermost layer of skin, the subcutaneous tissue. The burn site may look white or blackened and charred

Question 29

fourth degree burn

Answer 29

Fourth-degree burns. Fourth-degree burns go through both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue, possibly involving muscle and bone. There is no feeling in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.

Question 30

rule of nines

Answer 30

The Rule of Nines, also known as the Wallace Rule of Nines, is a tool used by trauma and emergency medicine providers to assess the total body surface area (TBSA) involved in burn patients