Skeletal System

Question 1

what is hematopoiesis?

Answer 1

the process of blood cell formation

Question 2

what minerals do bones store?

Answer 2

calcium and phosphorous

Question 3

how many bones are in the human skeleton?

Answer 3

206

Question 4

what is the U-shaped bone that supports the tongue and is the attachment point for several throat muscles involved in swallowing?

Answer 4

hyoid

Question 5

what are ossicles?

Answer 5

three tiny bones inside each ear

Question 6

what is the parietal bone?

Answer 6

a cranial bone at the top of the skull, just posterior to the frontal bone

Question 7

what is the temporal bone?

Answer 7

a cranial bone, situated just inferior to the parietal bone, and there is one on each side of the skull, by the “temples”

Question 8

where is the occipital bone?

Answer 8

a cranial bone, forms the posterior portion of the skull, (think head cradle)

Question 9

what is the sphenoid bone?

Answer 9

a cranial bone, a butterfly-shaped bone in the floor of the cranium, in the middle of skull towards the front

Question 10

what is the ethmoid bone?

Answer 10

a cranial bone, small, just anterior to the sphenoid bone, two sinuses inside this bone

Question 11

what is the lacrimal bone?

Answer 11

a facial bone, two bones situated posterior to the nasal bones and form the medial wall of the eye socket, smallest bones in the face

Question 12

what is the nasal concha bone?

Answer 12

facial bones, they direct air flow and assist in heating, humidifying, and filtering air in the nasal cavity

Question 13

what is the vomer bone?

Answer 13

facial bone, triangular shaped bone sitting vertically inside the nasal cavity, connecting with the ethmoid, palatine, and maxillary bones to form the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Question 14

what is the palatine bone?

Answer 14

facial bones, these bones form the hard palate at the roof of the mouth plus a small portion of the inferior eye socket

Question 15

what is the maxilla bone?

Answer 15

facial bone, these two bones join in the middle of the face and form the region between nose and lips

Question 16

what is the zygomatic bone?

Answer 16

facial bone, “cheek bones”

Question 17

what is the mandible bone?

Answer 17

facial bone, “jaw bone” - the only moving bone in the skull

Question 18

how many vertebrae are there in the spinal column?

Answer 18

33

Question 19

what is the breakdown of the regions of the vertebrae and how many are in each region?

Answer 19

cervical - 7; thoracic - 12; lumbar - 5; sacral - 5; coccygeal - 3 or 4

Question 20

what is kyphosis?

Answer 20

“humpback” condition of the spine - creates an abnormal rounding of the upper back

Question 21

what is lordosis?

Answer 21

curving inward of the lower back

Question 22

what is scoliosis?

Answer 22

an abnormal lateral/sideways curve of the spine, a twist to the spinal column,

Question 23

axial vs appendicular

Answer 23

axial - bones in the head and torso

appendicular - bones in the arms and legs (including the clavicle)

Question 24

what is the name of the natural cycle of bone growth and repair?

Answer 24

remodeling

Question 25

what is bone resorption?

Answer 25

breakdown of bone tissue

Question 26

what is bone deposition?

Answer 26

the building up of new bone tissue

Question 27

what happens when too much bone is resorbed?

Answer 27

bones can become weak and brittle as in osteoporosis

Question 28

what happens when too much bone is deposited in an area?

Answer 28

bone spurs can occur

Question 29

the homeostatic balance between resorption and deposition is controlled and regulated by what?

Answer 29

hormones from the endocrine system

Question 30

what are osteoblasts?

Answer 30

cells, “bone builders”, that make and secrete collagen fibers and create the framework for all bone tissue. they are responsible for bone deposition

Question 31

what are osteoctyes?

Answer 31

mature bone cells, responsible for exchange of nutrients and wastes that maintains bone as living tissue

Question 32

what are osteoclasts?

Answer 32

“bone breakers”, large cells that make and secrete acids and other enzymes to break down bone, they play a key role in bone resorption

Question 33

what is compact/cortical bone?

Answer 33

dense bone, resistant to stresses of body weight and movement, forms the outer layer of all bones and makes up most of the shaft of long bones - i.e. femur, tibia, and humerus

Question 34

what is spongy bone?

Answer 34

also called cancellous bone, looks like a sponge, reduces the weight of individual bones and the skeleton as a whole. it’s found at the ends of long bones and throughout the ribs, sternum, vertebral column, and hip bones

Question 35

what fills the spaces of spongy bone tissue?

Answer 35

red bone marrow

Question 36

what are the three types of joints (aka articulations)?

Answer 36

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 37

what are ligaments?

Answer 37

connect bone to bone. (when ligaments are stretched or torn, the injury is called a SPRAIN)

Question 38

what is bursitis? common sites?

Answer 38

when a bursa is inflamed due to irritation, injury, infection. (bursa = small sacs of synovial fluid) most common sites are calcaneus, knee, olecranon process of the elbow, greater trochanter of the femur, ischial tuberosity, and under the acromion process at the shoulder

Question 39

what are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 39

pivot, gliding, condyloid, saddle, hinge, ball-and-socket

Question 40

what is gout?

Answer 40

collection of uric acid in and around a joint that crystallizes into sharp shards, irritating the joint structures, most commonly affects joints in the feet, particularly the big toe

Question 41

which bone in the lower extremity is not a weight-bearing bone?

Answer 41

fibula

Question 42

the hollow cavity in the shaft of a long bone is called the……?

Answer 42

medullary