Skeletal System Flashcards
Label a diagram of the key bones on a human skeleton?
Do in book
What is the skeleton?
The name given to the collection of bones that holds our body up
What is the skeleton made up of?
The axial and appendicular skeleton
How are the components of the axial skeleton aligned and which parts do they include?
Aligned along the long axis of the body, include the skull, hyoid bone, sternum and ribs
How are the components of the appendicular system located and which parts do they include?
Outside the main axis of the body, comprised of bones in the arms, legs, shoulder and pelvis
What are the 5 major functions of the skeleton?
To support surrounding tissue and give a stable frame to the body, protect the vital organs and soft tissue, to assist in movement, to store minerals such as calcium and phosphorous, and act as a production site for red blood cells
What are 5 types of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid
Describe long bones?
Found in limbs, serve as levers for movement, greater length than width, mostly compact bone, eg: humerus
Describe short bones?
Very strong but have less movement, equal length and width, mostly spongy with an outer of compact bone, eg; carpal/tarsal bones
Describe flat bones?
Usually thin, 2 layers of compact bone covering a thin layer of spongy, provides protection and a large area for muscle attachment, eg; cranium
Describe irregular bones?
Provide protection and support, eg: vertebrae
Describe sesamoid bones?
Small bones held within tendons, eg; patella
What are joints?
Where two or more bones meet and they determine how moveable the bones are
What are joints held together by?
Ligaments
Describe fibrous joints?
Immovable, tough fibres that join bones together, eg: sutures between skull plates
Describe cartilaginous joints?
Partially moveable, cartilage joins bones together, eg: cartilage between vertebrae bones
Why is movement restricted by cartilaginous joints?
Because cartilage is not as flexible as ligaments
Describe synovial joints?
Freely moveable, most common joint, characterised by synovial fluid, 6 types of synovial joints, eg: knee or hip
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
Hinge, pivot, ball and socket, ellipsoid, saddle, plane
Describe hinge joints?
Allows movement on only 1 axis, stable rotation, eg: elbow
Describe pivot joints?
Allows rotation on only 1 axis, rotates along the long axis, eg: radioulnar joint
Describe ball and socket joints?
Simple and effective structure that allows movement in all axes, eg: Hip and Shoulder
Describe ellipsoid joints?
Ligaments and oval shape prevent rotation, ability to rotate on 2 axes, eg: wrist
Describe saddle joints?
Rotation is limited due to structure, both bones have a concave and convex surface, eg: thumb
Describe plane joints?
Two flat surfaces on top of each other, eg: carpals or tarsals
