Muscular System Flashcards
Label the main features of the muscular system from an anterior view?
Do in book
Label the main features of the muscular system from a posterior view?
Do in book
What are the agonist and antagonist muscles during a leg extension?
Agonist = Quadriceps Antagonist = Hamstrings
What are the agonist and antagonist muscles during a chest press?
Agonist = Latissimus Dorsi Antagonist = Pectoralis Major
What is the muscular system?
Specialised tissue that enables the body and its parts to move
How many muscles are in the body and how much total body mass do they make up?
640 muscles, 40% total body mass
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle
Describe smooth muscle?
The fibres are thin and spindle shaped, movement is involuntary, muscle contracts slowly, found in circulatory, digestive, respiratory and urinary systems
Describe cardiac muscle?
Found only in the heart, movement is involuntary, healthy cardiac muscle never fatigues, and cardiac muscles pump blood throughout the body and account for the heartbeat
Describe skeletal muscle?
Fibres are long and cylindrical, movement is voluntary, contains fast and slow twitch fibres
What are the major functions of muscles?
Movement, maintenance of posture, muscle tone and heat production
What are the minor functions of muscles?
Protecting the bones and internal organs
What are tendons made up of and what is their role?
Tendons are made up of dense, fibrous connective tissues and anchor muscles firmly to bones
How is any muscle movement generally accomplished?
By muscles working in pairs
What is the agonist?
The prime mover, most responsible for movement and the muscle contracting
What is the antagonist
The muscle working in opposite to the agonist, relaxing, slowing down or stopping the movement
What occurs when one muscle contracts?
The other muscle in the pair relaxes
Give an example of muscles in a pair contracting and relaxing?
When the bicep is contracting and your arm is flexing, its partner, the triceps are relaxing and extending your arm
What is the origin?
The attachment of the muscle to the bone that remains stationary
What is the insertion?
The attachment of the muscle to the bone that moves
What is the belly?
The fleshy part of the muscle between the tendons of origin/insertion
Describe skeletal muscle?
Muscles that always work in pairs and move when the brain sends messages to the muscle
What are the 2 movements of skeletal muscle?
Contraction (shortening of the muscle)
Extension (lengthening of the muscle)
What do contractions in our skeletal muscles help maintain and produce?
Maintain our body position and produce most of the heat required to maintain body temperature
