Skeletal System Flashcards
osteocyte
MAINTAIN bone, and their tin cellular projections sense physical stresses on bone
osteoblasts
MAKE bone
osteoclast
- BREAKS bone down
- liberate calcium from bone bound reserves
mineral reabsorption
- performed by osteoclasts
- removes calcium from bones so it can enter blood stream
What uses calcium to communicate with each other and rely upon its presence in EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS for normal muscle contraction inhibition?
neurons
hypocalcemia
sufficient deficits in plasma calcium -> causes tetany
What causes tetany?
sufficient deficits in plasma calcium
osteoporosis
- too much calcium depleted
- causes bone porous to be weak and brittle
what produces a highly organized collagen matrix where hydropatite binds?
osteoblasts
compact bone
- dense
- organized into long concentrated layers = lamellae
what are lacunae?
microscopic pockets btw lamellae
osteon
- grouping of concentric llamellae
- contains central canal within innermost ring
central (haversian) canal
- passage way for nerves and vessels
- runs parallel within center of each osteon connected by perpendicular and oblique perforating canal (volksmann canal)
spongy bone
- few osteon
- lighter
- serves as location for bone marrow to reside
red bone marrow
site of blood formation and plays role in immune system
yellow bone marrow
- present within medullary cavity of adult long bones
- primarily compose of adipose
long bones
have pronounced longitudinal axis, provide mechanical advantages of levels where they articulate with other bone
hinge joints
extends distal bone along 1 plane
Ex: elbow and knee
ball and sockets
- where long bone articulate with other bones
- allows for abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation
short bones
articulates as sliding joints
Ex: wrist, ankle, patella, clavicle
flat bones
- based on shape, not hallow but contains marrow
- some connects with each other
irregular bones
nonsymmetrical shape
At point where bones are involved in articulations, bone-joint interfaces are protected by covering of what?
hyaline cartilage
osteoarthritis
- wear down of cartilage
- inflammation and pains of joints occur
rneumatoid arthritis
- causes inflammation and pains in joints
- caused by autoimmune system
achondroplastic dwarfinism
resulting short stature of ind. when epiphysical plate stop growing at premature age
periosteum
fibrous sheath that covers bone and contains nerve and blood vessels
collagen
primary structure protein of connective tissue
canaliculi
small channel or duct in ossified bone
cartilage
tough, elastic connective tissue found in parts of the body (ears)
lamellae
layers of bone, tissue, or cell walls
brittle bone disease
group of disease that affect the collagen and results in fragile bones
synovial joints
most common and freely movable
-ex: shoulders and knees
cartilaginous joints
fills the spaces between some bones and restrict movements
fibrous joints
have fibrous tissue connecting bones and no cavity is present
trabeculae
network of girders with open spaces filled with red bone marrow
