Skeletal System

Question 1

An increase in bone girth occurs by:

Answer 1

A: apposition growth

Intramembranous ossification – bone mineral density is increasing and that doesn’t necessarily responsible for the girth
Oppositional growth – you can have bone remodeling that doesn’t necessarily contribute to bone ossification (bone density)
Apophyses ossification – area of attachment of the tendon, which is outside of the bone. The muscle contraction that occurs can help bone density in that area because of contraction and relaxation
Epiphyseal growth – the growth plate

Question 2

The greatest risk for scoliosis and stress fracture occurs during:

Answer 2

Adolescence

Question 3

A 12yo had pain and swelling at the attachment of the patellar tendon. What is the best early treatment?

Answer 3

A: Decrease loading of the quadriceps femoris muscle (osgood schlatter)

Perform stretching of the quadriceps muscle
If strengthening, doing so with a SAQ not the full range, isometrics will be helpful as well.
Have an increase of muscle length at the same time your client is maintain or building strength

Question 4

Which of the following is true ?

Answer 4

A: The fontanells allow for passage through the birth canal
Fontnells – soft areas of the skull. The area is collagenous but it will ossify post natal. Things that say collagenous are the ears and the nose.

Prenatal bone development begins super early is is technically the EMBRYONIC period, NOT the fetal period. Skeletal development begins very early but not with bone but with collagen which is a precursor for bone
Want to have weight bearing activities and good nutrition in order to ensure there is good bone mineral density stores early o because during adulthood there is going to be more absorption than laying down of bone.

Question 5

The greatest risk for epiphyseal infection occurs during:

Answer 5

Infancy

During early bone development, there is still a lot of openness and sponginess and this allows the capillaries to come through the bone. It is much more easily infiltrated by infection than later in life

Question 6

Green stick fracture

Answer 6

The break where it doesn’t happen all the way through and it happens in kids. Their bones are very resistant and don’t usually break all the way through which is why these fractures are common in children

Question 7

4 areas of performance criteria (catching)

Answer 7

1. Elbows flexed
2. Reaches for ball
3. Ball is caught by hands only
4. Elbows bend to absorb force

Question 8

4 areas to assess for running

Answer 8

1. Flight
2. Non-support leg at 90 degrees
3. Arm leg opposition
4. Arms forward and backwards in sagittal plane

Question 9

4 areas to assess for jumping (broad jump)

Answer 9

1. Hips/ knees flex prior to take-off
2. Arms reach to head level
3. Takes off and lands on both feet simultaneously
4. Heels land first

Question 10

4 things to assess when throwing overhead

Answer 10

1. Downward arc of throwing arm
2. Hips and shoulder rotate 90 degrees
3. Step with opposition
4. Diagonal follow-through across body