Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the skeletal system and what does it do?

Answer 1

The skeletal system include all the bones in the body. It’s three main functions are movement, support and protection.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of the elbow joints?

Answer 2

Hinge joint - the elbow joint is a hinge joint and it allows the arm the bend (flex) or straighten (extend)

Biceps and triceps - the bicep muscles cause flexion in the arm and the tricep muscles cause extension in the arm

Question 3

What are the characteristics of the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

Ball and socket joint - the rounded head of the humerus fits into the shoulder socket

Movement - the shoulder joint allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation

Question 4

What are the characteristics of the hip joint?

Answer 4

Ball and socket joint - the round head of the femur fits in to the hip socket

Movement - the hip joint allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation

Question 5

What are the long term effects of the skeletal system from regular exercise?

Answer 5

Increased nine density - when bone becomes heavier they also become stronger

Stronger ligaments and tendons - ligaments ( attach bone to bone) and tendons (bone to muscle) become thicker and stronger with exercise

Question 6

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Bones become lighter with age and their density and strength gradually reduce. If too much is lost it can result in a weak skeleton and bones can break easily.

Question 7

What is a fracture?

Answer 7

A fracture is a broken or cracked bone.

Question 8

What are the different types of fractures?

Answer 8

Closed fracture - skin over the break is not damaged
Compound fracture - when the broken bone peptides the skin
Simple fracture - takes place in one line with no displacement of the bone.
Stress fracture

Question 9

What types of injuries can occur at a joint ?

Answer 9

Tennis and golf elbow - tennis elbow is pain on the outside of the elbow and golf elbow takes place on the inside of the elbow.

Dislocations - when bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position

Sprains - this is a damaged ligament. Sprains often happen when stretching too far past normal range

Torn cartilage - cartilage is a firm elastic substance found at the ends of the bones of a synovial joint

Question 10

How does diet affect the skeletal system?

Answer 10

Calcium - helps bones grow and increase in density

Vitamin D - growth and maintained for healthy bones

Smoking and alcohol - toxic effect on bones