Skeletal System

Question 1

abdominal regions

Answer 1

2 classifications: 9-region and 4-region

Question 2

9-region classification

Answer 2

(anatomical position, L to R) right hypochondria, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

Question 3

right hypochondriac

Answer 3

gallbladder, portion of liver, right kidney

Question 4

epigastric

Answer 4

portion of liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum

Question 5

left hypochondriac

Answer 5

spleen (filters), splenic flexure of colon, portion of small intestine

Question 6

right lumbar

Answer 6

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, portions of right kidney & small intestine

Question 7

umbilical

Answer 7

jejunum, ilium, portions of duodenum, colon, kidneys, major abdominal vessels

Question 8

left lumbar

Answer 8

descending colon, portion of left kidney and small intestine

Question 9

right iliac

Answer 9

appendix; portions of cecum and small intestine

Question 10

hypogastric

Answer 10

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, portions of small intestine and sigmoid colon

Question 11

left iliac

Answer 11

portion of small intestine, descending and sigmoid colon

Question 12

4-region classification

Answer 12

(anatomical position, L to R) right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

Question 13

body cavities

Answer 13

2 main: dorsal and thoracic cavity

Question 14

dorsal cavity

Answer 14

contains the CNS

1. cranial cavity - brain
2. spinal (vertebral) cavity - spinal cord

Question 15

ventral cavity

Answer 15

1. thoracic cavity - right pleural cavity, mediastinum, left pleural cavity
2. abdominopelvic (peritoneal) cavity - abdominal and pelvic cavity

Question 16

right pleural cavity

Answer 16

part of thoracic cavity

-contains right lung (in pleural sac)

Question 17

mediastinum

Answer 17

part of thoracic cavity
-heart (in pericardial sac), trachea, right and left bronchi, esophagus, thymus gland, aortic arch and thoracic aorta, vena cavae, various lymph nodes and nerves

Question 18

left pleural cavity

Answer 18

part of thoracic cavity

-left lung (in pleural sac)

Question 19

abdominal cavity

Answer 19

part of abdominopelvic cavity

-contains the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys, ureters

Question 20

pelvic cavity

Answer 20

part of abdominopelvic cavity

-contains sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

Question 21

bone function

Answer 21

1. structure/support - support to soft tissues, attachment for muscles, gives body basic shape
2. movement - provide lever systems for body/muscle attachments to produce locomotion
3. protection - most internal organs protected by skeleton (i.e. cranium, ribs, pelvis)
4. storage (mineral) - Ca++, Na+, K+, P—, Mg++
5. hemopoiesis - red marrow of certain bones produce red and white blood cells

Question 22

bone classification

Answer 22

1. long bones - longer than wide; most bones of appendicular skeleton i.e. humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals(tarsals), phalanges
2. short bones - carpals, tarsals
3. flat bones - parietal, frontal, occipital, ribs, sternum, scapula
4. irregular bones - don’t fit another category i.e. sphenoid, ethmoid, vertebrae, pelvic/pectoral girdles
5. sesamoid bones - patella, first metatarsal

Question 23

bone structure

Answer 23

two parts: diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (two ends)

-metaphysis between the two parts (epiphyseal lines)

Question 24

diaphysis

Answer 24

composed of central cavity surrounded by compact bone (cortex)

• central cavity = medullary cavity (contains yellow bone -marrow which is 96% fat); lined by a thin CT called endosteum
• endosteum - lots of osteoclastic activity
• compact bone surrounded by a double protective layer called periosteum