Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 main functions
Protection Movement Support Shape Blood cell production
What are long bones
Length is greater then width
Longest is the femur
They act as levers
What are short bones
Equal In length
Equal in width and thickness
Shaped irregular
What are flat bones
Actually more curved
Include ribs and scapula
Sesamoid bones
Small bones
Embedded with certain tendons
Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Name the 3 types of cartilage
Yellow/elastic - soft and slightly elastic e.g. Ear lobe
Articular cartilage - solid and smooth and protects bone from the constant wear
White fibrocartilage - tough and slightly flexible and acts as a shock absorber
What are tendons
Muscle to bone
Very strong
Achilles’ tendons
What is the axial Skelton
Made up of the skull, vertebrae, rips and sternum
What is the appendicular Skelton
Composed of the shoulder girdle, hip girdle and bones of the arms
Ligaments
Tough band of elastic tissue
Connects bone to bone
Synovial fluid
Lubrication fluid
Reduces friction
Articular cartilage
Smooth tissue which covers bone
Absorbs shock
Joint capsule
Fibrous sack
Enclosed and strengths the joint
Bursa
Closed fluid sacs founds where tendons rub over bones
Reduces friction
Types of joints
Ball and sockets ( shoulder and hip)
Pivot ( neck)
Hinge ( knee and elbow)
Condyloid ( wrist)
Flexion
Reducing the angle at the joint
Extension
Increasing the angle at the joint
Abduction
Movement away from midline
Adduction
Movement towards midline
Circumduction
Circular movement at the end of the bone remains still and distal ( shoulder and hip)
Rotation
Movement around a central axis
Supination
Turning the hand so that the palm is upwards
Pronation
Turning hand so that palm is facing down
