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Sport Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the skeleton?

A 
Support 
Protection 
Movement
Shape 
Blood cell production & mineral salt storage
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2
Q

Why do we need the skeleton for support?

A

Otherwise we would collapse

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3
Q

Why do we need the skeleton for protection?

A

Protects vital organs

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4
Q

Why do we need the skeleton for movement?

A

The attachment for muscles

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5
Q

Why do we need the skeleton for blood cell production & mineral salt storage?

A

Red & white blood cells produced in bone marrow & calcium stored in bones

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6
Q

What are the 5 bone classifications?

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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7
Q

Characteristics & examples of LONG bones

A

Length greater than width
Act as levers, pulled by contracting muscles

Arms, legs

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8
Q

Characteristics & examples of SHORT bones

A

Equal in length, width & thickness
Irregularly shaped

Carpals, tarsals

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9
Q

Characteristics & examples of FLAT bones

A

More curved & thin than flat

Ribs, sternum, scapulae

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10
Q

Characteristics & examples of IRREGULAR bones

A

Vertebrae

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11
Q

Characteristics & examples of SESAMOID bones

A

Small bones embedded with certain tendons that connect bones to muscles

Patella

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Yellow/elastic
Hyaline or articular cartilage
White fibrocartilage

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13
Q

Characteristics & examples of YELLOW/ELASTIC cartilage

A

Soft & slightly elastic

Ear lobe & epiglottis

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14
Q

Characteristics of HYALINE/ARTICULAR cartilage

A

Solid & smooth protects bones from wear & tear

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15
Q

Characteristics & examples of WHITE FIBROcartilage

A

Tough & slightly flexible
Shock absorber
Prevents damage to bone

Between vertebrae

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16
Q

Tendons connect..

A

Muscle to bone

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17
Q

Ligaments connect..

A

Bone to bone

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18
Q

An example of a tendon

A

Achilles tendon

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19
Q

An example of a ligament

A

Cruciate ligament of the knee

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20
Q

What bones does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Sternum
Ribs

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21
Q

What bones does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A 
Shoulder girdle
Hip girdle
Bones of the arm
Bones of the hands
Bones of the legs
Bones of the feet
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22
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where the two or more bones meet

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23
Q

What does a synovial joint do?

A

It allows free movement

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24
Q

The 5 common features of a synovial joint

A 
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
Bursa
Ligament
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25
Q

What is the structure & function of the SYNOVIAL FLUID in a synovial joint?

A

Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

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26
Q

What is the structure & function of the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE in a synovial joint?

A

Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones

Absorbs shock and allows friction free movement

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27
Q

What is the structure & function of the JOINT CAPSULE in a synovial joint?

A

A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

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28
Q

What is the structure & function of the BURSA in a synovial joint?

A

A closed fluid filled sac found where the tendons rub over bones
Reduces friction between tendons and bones

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29
Q

What is the structure & function of the LIGAMENT in a synovial joint?

A

A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Connects bone to bone and stabilises joint during movement

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30
Q

Articulating bones of the spine

A

Vertebrae

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31
Q

Articulating bones of the knee

A

Femur, tibia, patella

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32
Q

Articulating bones of the ankle

A

Tibia, tarsal

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33
Q

Articulating bones of the shoulder

A

Humerus, scapula

34
Q

What are the 4 types of joints?

A

Ball & socket
Pivot
Hinge
Condyloid

35
Q

Features of the ball & socket joint

shoulder & hip

A

Top of humerus & femur shaped like a ball

Fits into the cup in the scapula and pelvis

36
Q

Features of the pivot joint

neck

A

Ring of bone sits on top of peg

Only movement is rotation

37
Q

Features of the hinge joint

elbow, knee & ankle

A

Two or more long bones come together
Like a door
Only moves two ways extension and flexion

38
Q

Features of the condyloid joint

wrist

A

Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction & circumduction

39
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement?

A

Sagittal, Horizontal & Frontal

40
Q

Anterior means..

A

front

41
Q

Posterior means..

A

back

42
Q

Proximal means..

A

closer to where arm/leg inserts into the body

43
Q

Distal means..

A

further to where arm/leg inserts into the body

44
Q

Superior means..

A

above/towards head

45
Q

Inferior means..

A

towards feet/below

46
Q

Medial means..

A

closer to midline

47
Q

Lateral means..

A

further from midline

48
Q

Sagittal cuts the body..

A

lengthwise (vertical)

49
Q

Frontal cuts the body..

A

sideways

50
Q

Transverse cuts the body..

A

horizontally

51
Q

Flexion is when the angle of the joint is..

A

reduced

52
Q

Extension is when the angle of the joint is..

A

increased

53
Q

Flexion and extension happens at the..

A 
Elbow
Hip
Shoulder
Vertebral Column
Knee
Phalanges
54
Q

Abduction is the movement..

A

away from the midline of the body

55
Q

Adduction is the movement..

A

towards the midline of the body

56
Q

Abduction and adduction happens at the..

A

Wrist
Hip
Shoulder

57
Q

Circumduction is when the..

A

proximal end of the bone remains still. The distal end makes a circular action.

58
Q

Rotation is the movement about a..

A

central axis

59
Q

Circumduction and rotation happens at the..

A

shoulder&hip
atlas&vertebrae
axis&radio-ulnar

60
Q

Supination is..

A

turning the hand so the palm is upward

facing anteriorly

61
Q

Pronation is..

A

turning the hand so the palm is downward

facing posteriorly

62
Q

Supination and pronation happens at the..

A

wrist

63
Q

Horizontal flexion is the movement..

A

TOWARDS from the midline of the body in horizontal plane

64
Q

Horizontal extension is the movement..

A

AWAY from the midline of the body in horizontal plane

65
Q

Horizontal flexion and horizontal extension happens at the..

A

Shoulder & hip

66
Q

Dorsiflexion is the movement that brings the..

A

top of the foot towards the shin

67
Q

Plantar flexion is the movement that brings the..

A

sole of the foot downward

pointing toes

68
Q

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion happens at the..

A

ankle joint

69
Q

Lateral flexion is the..

A

bending of the spine to the side

70
Q

Lateral extension is the..

A

spine returning to anatomical position (normal)

71
Q

Lateral flexion and lateral extension happens at the..

A

spine

72
Q

Retraction is the..

A

backward (posterior) movement of the scapula (shoulder blade)

73
Q

Protraction is the..

A

forward (anterior) movement of the scapula (shoulder blade)

74
Q

Retraction and protraction happens at the..

A

shoulder girdle

75
Q

Inversion is..

A

turning the foot so the sole faces inwards (medially)

76
Q

Eversion is..

A

turning the foot so the sole faces outwards (laterally)

77
Q

Inversion and eversion happens at the..

A

ankle joint

78
Q

Elevation is when the..

A

scapula moves upwards

79
Q

Depression is when the..

A

scapula moves downwards

80
Q

Elevation and depression happens at the..

A

shoulder girdle

Sport Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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