Skeletal System Flashcards
How can diet aid the skeletal system?
Calcium - Helps bones grow, increases bone density, e.g. milk, cheese, yoghurt
Vitamin D - Helps calcium absorption, essential to growth and maintenance of healthy bones, e.g. sunlight
What are the five main movements?
Extension - Increasing the angle at a joint.
Flexion - Decreasing the angle at a joint.
Adduction - Movement of a limb towards the body.
Abduction - Movement of a limb away from the body.
Rotation - Movement of a limb in a circular or part circular direction.
What are the two main synovial joints?
Ball and socket - Movement in all directions and rotation, e.g. hip, shoulder (for hurdling)
Hinge - Flexion and Extension only e.g. knee, elbow (for javelin or football)
Ligament definition.
Attach bone to bone, very strong elastic fibres, joint stability.
Tendon definition.
Attach muscle to bone, strong non-elastic connection tissue, joint stability
Effects of regular exercise.
Increased bone density - increased bone strength. Ligaments become stronger. Tendons become stronger. Increases joint flexibility. Helps prevent osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis definition.
Where bone density weakens and bones become weak and thus break easily.
What is weight bearing exercise?
E.g. skipping, brisk walking, running, yoga
Have positive effect in preventing osteoporosis.
What is a simple (closed) fracture and what are its symptoms?
Bone stays under the skin.
Pain, swelling, restricted range of movement
What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system?
Movement - Skeleton has ‘anchor points’ to which muscles attach and act as levers. Long bones create leverage to apply force.
Protection - Ribs protect heart and lungs, Cranium protects brain, vertebral column protects spinal cord
Support - firm, rigid, keeps us upright
What is a compound (open) fracture and what are its symptoms?
Bone breaks through skins.
Pain, swelling, restricted range of movement
What is a greenstick fracture and what are its symptoms?
Bone is only partly broken.
Pain, swelling, restricted range of movement
What is a stress fracture and what are its symptoms?
Small cracks in bone.
Pain, swelling, restricted range of movement
What is a dislocation and what are its symptoms?
Bone at joint is forced out of normal position.
Pain, swelling, immobile
What is a torn cartilage and what are its symptoms?
Soft tissue injury.
Pain, swelling, stiffness
