Skeletal System Flashcards
What is a fixed joint?
Don’t allow any movement between the bones.
Where to find a fixed joint in the body?
The cranium (skull)
What’s the largest bone in the body?
The femur
What is the smallest bone in the body?
The stapes
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull, spine, ribs and sternum
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Shoulders, arms, hips and legs
What’s the proper name for the collar bone?
Clavicle
What’s the proper name for the jaw bone?
Mandible
What’s the proper name for the shoulder blade?
Scapula
What is a slightly moveable or cartilaginous joint?
- Held in place by cartilage
- allows slight movement
What are ligaments?
Connect bone to bone
What are tendons?
Attach muscle to bone
What is cartilage?
Acts as a cushion between joints to protect bones
What are the long bones in the body?
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges
What are the flat bones in the body?
Cranium, some facial bones, scapula, ribs, sternum, pelvis
What are the short bones?
Carpals, tarsals
What are the irregular bones?
Vertebrae, mandible, maxilla, coccyx
Which bones consist of spongy tissue in the ends and are slightly curved to absorb shock?
Long bones
Which bones are strong, made of spongy bone covered in compact tissue?
Short bones
Which bones are shaped irregularly and classified differently to the other 3 types?
Irregular bones
Which bones consist of flat spongy tissue sandwiched between 2 layers of compact tissue?
Flat bones
What is in the joint to enable it to move freely over one another?
Cartilage and synovial fluid
What layer of bone is the compact bone?
Outer layer
What layer of bone is spongy bone?
Inner layer
What’s a sprain injury?
Ligament stretches too far causing it to tear
What is a strain injury?
Muscle or tendon stretches too far or stretches while contracting
What joint swings backwards/forwards?
Hinge joint
What joint completes all type of movement?
Ball and socket joint
What joint allows movement in 2 directions but different to ball and socket?
Saddle joint
What types of muscles are there?
Smooth, skeletal and cardiac
How many muscles are in the body?
640
Explain RICE
To treat muscular injuries R-est I-ce C-ompression E-levation
What’s the proper name for the shoulder muscles?
Deltoids
What’s the proper name for the top arm muscles?
Biceps
What’s the proper name for the bottom arm muscles?
Triceps
What’s the proper name for the chest muscles?
Pectorals
What’s the proper name for the bottom muscles
Gluteus Maximus
What’s the proper name for the calf muscle?
Gastrocnemius
What’s the proper name for the stomach muscles?
Abdominal
What’s the proper name for the thigh muscle?
Sartorius (quadriceps)
Which muscle is involuntary?
Smooth muscle
Explain the functions of the skeleton;
Support- The skeleton gives shape, supports the bodies parts.
Movement- Provides points of attachment. Muscles contract, allows movement to take place.
Protection- Vital organs are protected by bones.
Storage- Store minerals and fats such as calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus.
Blood cell production- Red marrow contained with certain bones produces blood cells.
What are the names of the vertebrae and how many in each section?
Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacral - 5 Coccyx - 4
What are examples of a slightly moveable joint?
Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribcage
What is a freely moveable or synovial joint?
Allows a lot of movement between bones.
What are examples of freely moveable joint?
Hinge joint - allow one movement, eg. elbow and knee
Ball and Socket joint- hip and shoulder
Gliding joint- bones slide over one another, e.g wrist and ankle.
Pivot joint- eg. between radius and ulna, first and second vertebrae in the neck.
saddle joint- thumb.
What are tendons?
Connect muscle to bone.
Are not elastic, they cannot be stretched.
What are ligaments?
Connect bone to bone.
Are elastic, can be stretched.
Describe the structure of a long bone?
Have a hollow shaft filled with fat (yellow bone marrow).
Describe the structure of a flat bone?
Spaces between the plates of spongy bone are filled with red bone marrow. Within red bone marrow blood cells are created.
What is voluntary muscle?
- Attach muscle to bone.
- Moves bones under your conscious control
- All of body
- Also known as skeletal muscle.
What is Involuntary muscle?
- Founds in organs, such as intestines and around blood vessels.
- Works without you consciously controlling it.
- Also known as smooth muscle.
What is cardiac muscle?
- Type of involuntary muscle?
- Contracts without conscious effort of thought.
