Skeletal System Flashcards
Osteoblasts
Synthesize and secrete unmineralized ground substance.
Osteogenic cells
Ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts that mature and migrate into the bone.
Osteoclasts
Responsible for resorption of the bone matrix during growth and repair.
Periosteum
Dense, irregular fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone not covered by articular cartilage.
Compact bone (cortical bone)
Very dense tissue, organized in haversian systems.
Spongy bone (cancellous trabeculae)
Forms a lattice-like structure of spiked bone.
Medullary cavity
The marrow cavity in the center of the bone, site of blood cell production (hermatopoiseis) of fat storage.
Endosteum
A layer of osteogenic cells and osteoclasts that line the medullary cavity.
Haversian systems
Compact bone that consist of closely packed osteons
Haversian canal
Central canal surrounded by rings (lamellae) of matrix.
Red bone marrow
Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in the red marrow.
Yellow bone marrow
Mostly fat, which may be used as an energy source.
Fascia
A three dimensional sheet of the connective tissue that permeates the body.
Superficial fascia
Composed mainly of areolar and adipose tissue.
Deep fascia
Covers and penetrate the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body.
Visceral fascia
Envelopes and holds the organs within their cavities.
Tendons (sinews)
Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue.
Ligaments
Serve a bone to bone and limit movement.
Elastic cartilage
The most resilient cartilage, it provides strength
Fibrocartilage
Found where strong support and minimal movement are required.
Hyaline cartilage
The costal cartilage
Long bones
Femur, radius, ulna, humerus, tibia, fibula.
Short bones
Carpals, tarsals
Flat bones
Cranial bones, sternum, scapula.
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, facial bones.