Integumentary System

Question 0

Why is the skin an organ?

Answer 0

It consist of tissues structurally joined together to perform specific activities.

Question 1

What does the Integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

The skin and its derivates such as hair, nails, glands, and several specialized receptors.

Question 2

What is normal healthy skin?

Answer 2

1. Slightly moiste
2. Soft
3. Flexible
4. Acidic (sebum)
5. Free of blemishes and disease
6. Self renewing

Question 3

Regulation of body temperature

Answer 3

In response to high environment temperature or strenuous exercise the production of perspiration by sweat glands helps to lower body temperature back to normal.

Question 4

Protection

Answer 4

The skin covers the body and provides a physical underlining tissues from physical abrasion, bacterial invasion, dehydration, and UV Rays.

Question 5

Reception of stimuli

Answer 5

The skin contains numerous nerve endings and receptors that detect stimuli related to temp, touch, pressure, and pain.

Question 6

Excretion

Answer 6

Perspiration assists in the excretion of small amounts of water, salt, and other compounds (organs).

Question 7

Synthesis of vitamin D

Answer 7

Actually a hormone, this is produced when a certain molecule in the skin reacts to UV Rays which contact the skin.

Question 8

Immunity

Answer 8

Certain cells in the epidermis are important components of the immunity.

Question 9

Epidermis

Answer 9

The outer thinner layer of the skin.

Question 10

Dermis

Answer 10

The inner thicker connective tissue layer of the skin. Contains collagen and elastin fibers.

Question 11

Layers of Epidermis

Answer 11

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum germinativum

Question 12

Stratum germinativum

Answer 12

The deepest layer of epidermis, also known as the basal layer. This layer consist of single row of columar epithelium. It continually undergoes mitosis, with one daughter cell migrating to the surface while the remaining cell continues reproduction.

Question 13

Stratum spinosum

Answer 13

Also known as the prickle cell layer. The stratum spinosum consist of multiple layers of cuboidal cells. This layer is characterized by the presence of desmosomes, which are protein with adhesive and linking properties that give this layer its prickly appearance. They secrete a fatty, cement-like substance that helps to form a protective barrier.

Question 14

Stratum granulosum

Answer 14

This layer is 3-5 cells thick. Here, the cells begin to lose their nuclei and produce keratin. Keratin is a very tough fibrous protein that is insoluble in water. They continue to secrete the cement-like substance.

Question 15

Stratum lucidum

Answer 15

A translucent layer, the stratum lucidum is present on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. It is thought to provide an extra layer of protection where it is needed most.

Question 16

Stratum corneum

Answer 16

The outermost layer of skin. Here the cells are flat, without a nucleus, and filled with keratin. They are continuously shedding.

Question 17

Melanocytes

Answer 17

Cells that produce melanin. Melanin is a molecule that gives the skin its color and serves to protect the body from the ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Question 18

Hair (pili)

Answer 18

Are growths of the epidermis. Hair is composed of keratinized, pigmented cells.

Question 19

Sensory nerve endings

Answer 19

These are nerve endings that detect pain and temperature.

Question 20

Merkels discs

Answer 20

Mechanoreceptors found in the deep layers of the epidermis, something’s associated with the hair follicles.

Question 21

Langerhans cells

Answer 21

These cells are active in the capture, uptake and processing of foreign substances (antigens).

Question 22

Nails

Answer 22

Heavily keratinized modification of the epidermis, nails protect the digits and serve as tools.

Question 23

Eponychium (cuticle)

Answer 23

Overlies the proximal end of the nail.

Question 24

Paronychium

Answer 24

Are the skin folds overlying the lateral edges of the nail.

Question 25

Hyponychium

Answer 25

A thickened layer of epidermis under the distal end of the nail.

Question 26

Papillary layer

Answer 26

Lies under the epidermis.

Question 27

Reticular layer

Answer 27

The deepest layer of the dermis.

Question 28

Apocrine glands

Answer 28

Connected to hair follicles.

Question 29

Eccrine glands

Answer 29

More numerous than apocrine glands

Question 30

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 30

Detect pressure on the skin.