skeletal system Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
protect organs, supports the body, helps with movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells, and stores fat
what is another term for blood cells formation?
hematopoiesis
how many bones do we have in the body?
206 bones
what categories are the bones divided into?
axial and appendicular skeleton
how many bones are we born with?
300 bones
what does the axial skeleton contain?
the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
what does the appendicular skeleton contain?
the upper and lower extremities, and the girdles
flat bones
thin, broad-shaped bones
long bones
they form the extremities, such as the arms, legs, fingers, and toes
short bones
bones with similar length, width, and height, making them cube-shaped
irregular bones
bones with unusual shapes, making them difficult to classify into long, short, or flat bones
sesamoid bones
specialized bones located within tendons
what are the three types of bone tissue?
compact, spongy, and subchondral bone tissue
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
what are the divisions of the appendicular skeleton and the number of bones in each division?
- pectoral girdles (4 bones)
- upper extremities (60 bones)
- lower extremities (60 bones)
- pelvic girdles (2 bones)
what are the two functions of the pectoral girdle?
- connects the upper extremities to the axial skeleton
- provides structure and support to the shoulder region of the body
what are the four functions of the pelvic girdle?
- connects the lower extremities to the axial skeleton
- supports the upper body’s weight when sitting
- transferring weight to the lower extremities when standing
- protects the organs of the pelvic cavity
how many bones make up the skull? name them.
14 bones. nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, maxilla, mandible, vomer, zygomatic, palatine.
how many sections are in the vertebral column? list each section and what vertebrae they contain.
5 sections in the vertebral column
1.) cervicle vertebrae - contains the neck
2.) thoracic vertebrae - contains the chest
3.) lumbar vertebrae - lower back
4.) sacrum - triangular-shaped bone
5.) coccyx - tailbone
how many ribs do we have? what are the sections?
12 ribs
1.) true ribs
2.) false ribs
3.) floating ribs
name the bones in the pectoral girdle.
clavicle and scapula
name the bones in the pelvic girdle.
coxal bone
________ goes to pinky
ulna
________ goes to thumb
radius
name the bones of the arm:
humerus, radius, ulna
name the bones of the leg: which one is the strongest?
femur, tibia, fibula
the femur bone is the strongest bone in the leg.
diaphysis
the longest part of the bons or shaft
epiphysis
the each end of the shaft of a bone
epiphyseal line
location where bone replaces the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate causing bone growth to stop
periosteum
a thick, fibrous tissue that covers the outside of a bone containing nerves, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels.
articular cartilage
a thin layer of cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of synovial joints.
medullary (marrow) cavity
a hollow canal in the center of the bone where yellow marrow is stored
spongy bone
a strong honeycomb framework that resists forces in many directions and cushions the bone from impacts.
red bone marrow
a sponge-like tissue found in the epiphyses and certain flat bones. it produces red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells.
yellow marrow
a tissue found in the medullary canal and primarily serves as fat storage.
osteoblasts
bone cells that lay down new bone for bone growth and repair and absorb minerals from the blood.
osteoclasts
bone cells that resorb old, damaged, or unneeded bone.
osteocytes
bone cells found inside the inorganic bone matrix that direct osteoclasts when bone resorption is needed.
ossification
process of bone formation
sulcus
groove or depression in a bone
sinus
air space located superior to the nasal cavity
fossa
a bone marking characterized by a basin-like dip depression.
foramen
a bone marking characterized by a hole that passes through a bone.
true ribs
attached to sternum in front and vertebrae in back
false ribs
attached to vertebrae in back but attached to cartilage of 7th rib
floating ribs
attached to vertebrae in back
sternum
breast bone
clavicle
collar bone
scapula
shoulder blade
humerus
upper arm bone
radius
lower arm bone on the thumb side
ulna
lower arm bone, whose upper end forms the elbow.
carpals
bones that form the wrist
metacarpals
bones that form the palm
phalanges
bones that form the fingers and toes
ilium
largest of 3 hip bones (upper flared portion)
iliac crest
upper curved edge of ilium
ischium
lowest part of hip bones
symphysis pubis
the joint where the coxal bones converge anteriorly and connect to form a strong foundation to support the body’s trunk.
acetabulum
formed by segments of ilium, ischium, and pubis
femur
thigh bone in the upper leg. it is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body.
patella
kneecap
tibia
shin in the lower leg
fibula
a bone in the lower leg
tarsals
bones that form the ankle
calcaneus
bones that form the heel
