Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system?
Support (framework for the body).
Protection (e.g., skull shields the brain).
Movement (works with muscles).
Mineral Storage (e.g., calcium).
Red Blood Cell Production (in bone marrow).
How many bones do adults have? Babies?
Adults: 206 bones.
Babies: ~300 bones (some fuse as they grow).
What are the 5 types of bone classifications?
Long (Act like levers).
Short (Provide stability).
Flat (Provide protection and a large area for muscle attachment).
Irregular (Mainly provide protection and support).
Sesamoid (relieve tension and stress on tendons and muscle).
What’s the difference between ligaments and tendons?
Ligaments: Bone to bone (hold joints together).
Tendons: Muscle to bone (help move bones).
Name the 5 parts of the vertebral column.
Cervical (7 vertebrae).
Thoracic (12 vertebrae).
Lumbar (5 vertebrae).
Sacrum (5 fused).
Coccyx (4 fused).
What are the 2 vertebrae that allow head movement?
Atlas (nod “yes”).
Axis (shake “no”).
What’s inside bones?
Outer layer: Hard compact bone.
Middle: Spongy bone (like honeycomb).
Center: Bone marrow (makes blood cells).
What’s a synovial joint?
Most common joint (e.g., knee, shoulder).
Has cartilage and synovial fluid to reduce friction.
Match these bones to their classification: Femur, Rib, Vertebra, Patella, Carpal.
Femur: Long.
Rib: Flat.
Vertebra: Irregular.
Patella: Sesamoid.
Carpal: Short.
Which bones protect these organs: Brain Heart/Lungs.
Skull → Brain.
Ribcage → Heart/Lungs.
Define these movements: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction.
Flexion: Decreasing joint angle (e.g., bending elbow).
Extension: Increasing joint angle (e.g., straightening knee).
Abduction: Moving away from body (e.g., star jump arms).
Adduction: Moving toward body (e.g., lowering arms).
