Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the two main parts of the human skeleton?
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
Name three components of the axial skeleton.
- Skull
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Vertebral column
What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
- Shoulder girdle
- Hip girdle
- Leg bones
- Arm bones
What is the principal function of a long bone?
Lever.
What is the principal function of a short bone?
Strength.
What is the principal function of an irregular bone?
Protection.
What is the principal function of a flat bone?
Large surface area for muscle attachment.
What is the principal function of a sesamoid bone?
Increase mechanical advantage of tendon.
List five functions of the skeleton.
- Provides shape
- Allows movement
- Provides protection to vital organs
- Produces red blood cells
- Stores minerals and fats
- Provides attachment site for soft tissue
What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Connects bones to bones.
What is the role of tendons in the skeletal system?
Connects muscles to bones.
What is cartilage?
A flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Reduces joint friction by lubrication and maintains joint stability.
What does the synovial membrane do?
Encloses fluid and secretes fluid.
What is the function of the capsular ligament?
Joins and holds together the bones of the joint.
What is the role of articular cartilage?
Prevents friction between and cushions ends of bones.
What is the function of bursae?
Prevent friction and wear.
What do pads of fat do in the joints?
Cushion the joint.
What are menisci and their function?
Help bones fit together and provide stabilization.
What are the types of synovial joints?
- Ball and socket
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Ellipsoid
- Gliding
What joint type allows movement in three axes?
Ball and socket joint.
Which joint type allows movement in one axis?
Hinge joint.
What is the movement pattern for a pivot joint?
Rotational movement.
Fill in the blank: The joint at the base of the thumb is a _______ joint.
Saddle.
What type of movement is flexion?
Decreasing the angle between two body parts.
What is dorsiflexion?
Flexing the foot upwards.
What is the opposite of abduction?
Adduction.
What is circumduction?
Circular movement of a limb.
What does medial rotation refer to?
Turning a limb toward the midline of the body.
What is supination?
Turning the palm upward.
What is eversion?
Turning the sole of the foot outward.
What is elevation in terms of movement?
Raising a body part.
What is the term for lowering a body part?
Depression.
What is horizontal adduction?
Moving a limb toward the midline in a horizontal plane.
What is horizontal abduction?
Moving a limb away from the midline in a horizontal plane.
