Muscular system Flashcards
What is isometric muscle contraction?
A contraction where muscle length does not change while tension increases.
Example: Holding a weight in a fixed position.
What is isotonic muscle contraction?
A contraction where muscle changes length while maintaining constant tension.
Example: Lifting a weight through a range of motion.
What is isotonic-concentric contraction?
A contraction where the muscle shortens while producing force.
Example: Curling a dumbbell upwards.
What is isotonic-eccentric contraction?
A contraction where the muscle lengthens while producing force.
Example: Lowering a dumbbell back down.
What are the functional characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers?
Contraction speed is slow, force produced is low, fatigability is low, aerobic capacity is very high, anaerobic capacity is low.
Type 1 fibers are suited for endurance activities.
What are the structural characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers?
Motor neurone size is small, mitochondrial density is high, myoglobin content is high, capillary density is high.
These characteristics support aerobic metabolism.
What are the functional characteristics of Type 2A muscle fibers?
Contraction speed is fast, force produced is large, fatigability is large, aerobic capacity is medium, anaerobic capacity is high.
Type 2A fibers are versatile for both endurance and strength.
What are the structural characteristics of Type 2A muscle fibers?
Motor neurone size is large, mitochondrial density is medium, myoglobin content is medium, capillary density is medium.
These fibers are a hybrid between Type 1 and Type 2B.
What are the functional characteristics of Type 2B muscle fibers?
Contraction speed is fast, force produced is large, fatigability is high, aerobic capacity is low, anaerobic capacity is very high.
Type 2B fibers are designed for explosive movements.
What are the structural characteristics of Type 2B muscle fibers?
Motor neurone size is large, mitochondrial density is low, myoglobin content is low, capillary density is low.
These characteristics support rapid energy release.
What type of training would make Type 1 fibers more efficient?
Endurance training, focusing on long-duration, low-intensity exercises.
Examples include long-distance running or cycling.
What type of training would make Type 2A fibers more efficient?
Interval training, combining both aerobic and anaerobic exercises.
Examples include circuit training or sprint intervals.
What type of training would make Type 2B fibers more efficient?
Strength training, focusing on high-intensity, low-duration exercises.
Examples include heavy weightlifting or sprinting.
Where is the Pectoralis major located?
In the upper chest area
Responsible for adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint.
What movements does the Pectoralis major facilitate?
Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint.
Where is the Deltoid muscle located?
On the shoulder
Responsible for arm abduction, flexion, and extension.
What movements does the Deltoid muscle facilitate?
Abduction, flexion, and extension of the arm.
Where is the Erector spinae muscle located?
Along the spine
Responsible for extension and lateral flexion of the spine.
What movements does the Erector spinae muscle facilitate?
Extension and lateral flexion of the spine.
Where is the Latissimus dorsi muscle located?
On the lower back
Responsible for adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm.
What movements does the Latissimus dorsi muscle facilitate?
Adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm.
Where is the Trapezius muscle located?
In the upper back and neck area
Responsible for elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
What movements does the Trapezius muscle facilitate?
Elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
Where is the Biceps brachii muscle located?
On the front of the upper arm
Responsible for flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.
What movements does the Biceps brachii muscle facilitate?
Flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.
Where is the Triceps brachii muscle located?
On the back of the upper arm
Responsible for extension of the elbow.
What movements does the Triceps brachii muscle facilitate?
Extension of the elbow.
Where are the Abdominals located?
In the front of the abdomen
Responsible for flexion and rotation of the trunk.
What movements do the Abdominals facilitate?
Flexion and rotation of the trunk.
Where are the Hamstrings located?
At the back of the thigh
Responsible for flexion of the knee and extension of the hip.
What movements do the Hamstrings facilitate?
Flexion of the knee and extension of the hip.
Where is the Tibialis anterior muscle located?
On the front of the lower leg
Responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot.
What movements does the Tibialis anterior muscle facilitate?
Dorsiflexion of the foot.
Where is the Gastrocnemius muscle located?
In the calf of the leg
Responsible for plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee.
What movements does the Gastrocnemius muscle facilitate?
Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee.
Where is the Soleus muscle located?
Underneath the Gastrocnemius in the calf
Responsible for plantarflexion of the foot.
What movements does the Soleus muscle facilitate?
Plantarflexion of the foot.
