Skeletal System

Question 1

Osteoblast

Answer 1

Bone forming cell (bone maker)– uses minerals to replace cartilage

Question 2

Osteoclast

Answer 2

Bone reabsorbing cell (bone breaker)

Question 3

Osteocyte

Answer 3

Mature bone cell

Question 4

Ossification

Answer 4

Hardening of bone

Question 5

Fontanel

Answer 5

Soft spot on infants’ head where cartilage has yet to ossify

Question 6

Long Bones

Answer 6

Support weight and facilitate movement; mainly found in the arms and legs (humerus & femur)

Question 7

Long Bone examples

Answer 7

Clavicle, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Femur, Tibia, Fibula

Question 8

Flat Bones

Answer 8

Protect internal organs

Question 9

Flat bone examples

Answer 9

Skull, Ribs, Scapula, Sternum, Pelvis

Question 10

Irregular Bones

Answer 10

Protects internal organs (vertebrae + sacrum)

Question 11

Short bones

Answer 11

Provides stability (Wrist-carpals, ankles-tarsals)

Question 12

3 Bones of the Leg

Answer 12

Tibia, Fibula, Femur

Question 13

3 Bones of the Arm

Answer 13

Ulna, Radius, Humerus

Question 14

Diarthroses

Answer 14

A freely moveable joint

Question 15

Ball & Socket (Humerus to Shoulder, Femur to Hip)

Answer 15

Allows for the greatest range of motion; one bone has a ball, the other has a socket

Question 16

Hinge (Elbow, Knee)

Answer 16

Bones can only move along 1 axis to flex or extend

Question 17

Pivot (Vertebrae)

Answer 17

Allows for rotation

Question 18

Gliding (Wrist, Ankle)

Answer 18

Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other

Question 19

Synarthrosis (Sutures on the skull)

Answer 19

No movement; connected by fibrous connective tissue

Question 20

Amphiarthroses (Ribs to Spine)

Answer 20

Little or partial movement

Question 21

5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 21

1. Supports body and provides shape
2. Protects internal organs
3. Movement & Anchorage
4. Mineral Storage
5. Hemopoiesis

Question 22

Hemopoiesis

Answer 22

Red marrow is the site of blood cell formation

Question 23

Mineral storage

Answer 23

Bones are a storage depot for minerals like calcium & phosphorus– the body is able to draw upon these reserves

Question 24

Flexion

Answer 24

Brings two bones closer together (bend)

Question 25

Extension

Answer 25

Increases the angle between two bones (extend)

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

Movement away from the midline

Question 27

Adduction

Answer 27

Movement toward the midline

Question 28

Circumduction

Answer 28

Circular movement of a limb

Question 29

Medial/Lateral Rotation

Answer 29

Pivot motion where a bone moves around a central axis

Question 30

Pronation

Answer 30

Palm downward

Question 31

Supination

Answer 31

Palm upward

Question 32

Arthritis

Answer 32

Swelling in the joint

Question 33

Osteoarthritis

Answer 33

Degenerative, normal wear on the joints; 80% of Americans are affected

Question 34

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 34

Autoimmune disease (immune system attacks its own tissues) which causes pain and thickening of the synovial fluid; can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 35

Gout

Answer 35

Inflammation of a joint caused by a build up of uric acid crystals (broken from purines-- you can avoid high purine foods) ; usually affects the joint of the big toe

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

Decrease in bone mass & density = Bone thinner, porous, and suspectible to fracture 8/10 women experience this-- it makes their spine softer which is why women get shorter as they age

Question 37

Rickets

Answer 37

Lack of Vitamin D which makes the bones become softer (osteomalacia) which can cause deformities like bowlegs and pigeon breast

Question 38

Kyphosis

Answer 38

Hunchback, humped curvature

Question 39

Lordosis

Answer 39

Swayback, inward curvature also known as bubble but

Question 40

Scoliosis

Answer 40

Side to side curvature which can result in uneven shoulders

Question 41

Closed (simple) fracture

Answer 41

Bone is broken, but doesn't pierce the skin, can be treated with cast or splint

Question 42

Open/Compound Fracture

Answer 42

Bone is broken and protrudes which can lead to infection if not treated properly

Question 43

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 43

Bone is splintered into many pieces-- surgery is needed to fix

Question 44

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 44

Partially bent but bone never separates, common among children

Question 45

Closed Reduction

Answer 45

Cast/Splint

Question 46

Open Reduction

Answer 46

Internal Fixation-- surgery, wires, metal rods

Question 47

Traction

Answer 47

Pulling to put bone in place then cast/splint