Skeletal system Flashcards
5 bone shapes
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
epiphysis
most proximal and distal ends of long bones closer to sites of attachment
diaphysis
shaft, main middle portion of long bones
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage tissue that protects the part of the bone that articulates with another bone
2 types of bone
spongey and compact
periosteum
tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue
medullary cavity
cavity within the diaphysis of a long bone that contains red or yellow marrow
the epiphyses are mostly composed of
spongy bone
endosteum
a thin membrane containing bone-forming cells that lines the medullary cavity as well as spaces within spongy bone.
osteocytes
bone cells
lacunae
tiny, bony chambers that house osteocytes
canaliculi
small canals that extend out of lacunae and allow the osteocytes to reach out to any blood/nutrients needed via the central canal and allow osteocytes to exchange substances
perforating canals
canals that transversely connect between central canals through matrix of bone
trabeculae found in ___ and house ___
spongy bone, osteocytes
spongy bone is composed of
trabecular and nutrients from surrounding space
bone cells in spongey bone do not aggregate around
central canals
cells in spongy bone lie in the
trabeculae
cells in the spongey bone get nutrients from
substances diffusing into the canaliculi that lead to the surfaces of the thin bony plates
compact bone is composed of
osteons, concentric circles of ECM, central canals, perforating canals, blood vessels in canals, nerves in canals
bone develops from 7 different things
vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, sunlight, exercise, hormones, and calcium
vitamin A in bone development aids in
osteoblast and osteoclast activity
vitamin C in bone development aids in
collagen synthesis
vitamin D in bone development aids in
calcium absorption
bones will break down, become weak if they are not used due to the ___ concept
use it or lose it
