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A&P Test 1 > Connective, Cardiac, and Nervous tissues > Flashcards

Connective, Cardiac, and Nervous tissues Flashcards

1
Q

8 functions of connective tissue

A

hold everything together, strengthen with framework, protection, transport, fat storage, produce blood, and help in tissue repair, and protection from foreign invaders

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2
Q

4 general characteristics of connective tissue

A

cells surrounded by ECM, usually capable of cell division, variable blood supply, variable consistency

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3
Q

3 types of cells in connective tissue

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

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4
Q

2 functions of fibroblasts

A

produce fibers and can make repairs (ex: scar tissue)

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5
Q

example of a macrophage

A

WBC

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6
Q

macrophage function

A

mobile scavengers important for defense

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7
Q

mast cell function

A

release heparin and histamine, large cells

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8
Q

types of fiber produced by fibroblasts

A

elastic, collagenous, and reticular

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9
Q

5 properties of collagenous fibers

A

major structural component, composed of collagen, somewhat flexible, not elastic (won’t bounce back), and high tensile strength

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10
Q

2 examples of structures containing collagenous fibers

A

tendons and ligaments

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11
Q

6 properties of elastic fibers

A

composed of elastin, weak, very elastic, very stretchable, able to bounce back to original shape, low tensile strength

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12
Q

2 examples of structures containing elastic fibers

A

vocal cords and air passages

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13
Q

why are elastic fibers important to vocal cords?

A

it allows them to constantly stretch and relax

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14
Q

why are elastic fibers important to air passages?

A

it allows them to dilate and constrict to affect air flow

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15
Q

2 properties of reticular fibers

A

thin collagenous fibers, provides support network and framework to some organs

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16
Q

example of an organ that has a base structure made of reticular fibers

A

spleen

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17
Q

3 types of connective tissues

A

dense, loose, and specialized

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18
Q

3 types of dense tissue

A

regular, irregular, and elastic

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19
Q

3 types of loose tissue

A

areolar, adipose, and reticular

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20
Q

5 types of specialized tissue

A

bone, cartilage, blood, muscle, and nervous

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21
Q

ground substance =

A

ECM

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22
Q

areolar tissue is composed of

A

fibroblasts in ground substance with loosely packed collagen and elastic fibers

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23
Q

sites of areolar tissue

A

beneath epithelial layers, and some membranes (ex: basement mb)

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24
Q

component of adipose tissue

A

fibroblast-like cells that store fat in cytoplasm

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25
Q

what does and doesn’t increase when fat store increases?

A

size of cells not number

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26
Q

4 locations of adipose tissue

A

abdomen, heart, bone marrow, eye socket

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27
Q

4 functions of adipose tissue

A

protection, cushion, energy storage, insulation

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28
Q

example of adipose acting as protection

A

adipose tissue in the abdomen to protect the heart and lungs

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29
Q

example of adipose acting as a cushion

A

found in eye-sockets to cushion eyes

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30
Q

how does adipose insulate the body

A

by preserving heat

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31
Q

property of reticular tissue

A

thin network of reticular fibers in 3D

32
Q

function of reticular tissue

A

provides framework for some internal organs (ex: spleen)

33
Q

3 types of dense connective tissue

A

regular, irregular, and elastic

34
Q

components of regular dense connective tissue

A

densely packed collagen fibers with some elastic fibers, and some fibroblasts

35
Q

pro of regular dense connective tissue

A

strong

36
Q

con of regular dense connective tissue

A

has less blood supply

37
Q

2 examples of structures made of regular dense connective tissue

A

tendons and ligaments

38
Q

components of irregular dense connective tissue

A

very unorganized fibers, collagen fibers, and fibroblasts

39
Q

1 example of a structure composed of irregular dense connective tissue

A

dermis

40
Q

3 components of elastic dense connective tissue

A

elastic fibers with some collagen and fibroblasts

41
Q

2 examples of structures composed of elastic dense connective tissue

A

large vessels (like aorta), and airways

42
Q

large vessels and airways contain elastic dense connective tissue since

A

they need to be able to expand, change shape, and dilate blood vessels that then can bounce back to position

43
Q

5 types of specialized connective tissue

A

cartilage, blood, bone, muscle, and nervous

44
Q

property of cartilage tissue

A

rigid collagenous fibers

45
Q

what structure surrounds cartilage tissue

A

the perichondrium

46
Q

what does the perichondrium supply to the cartilage tissue

A

an inefficient amount of blood

47
Q

how does blood from the perichondrium get into cartilage tissue

A

through diffusion

48
Q

the cells within cartilage tissue divide ___ and the tissue heals ___

A

slowly, poorly

49
Q

4 functions of cartilage tissue

A

protection, support, attachment, and bone modeling

50
Q

what type of cell forms cartilage tissue

A

chondrocytes

51
Q

where are chondrocytes embedded into

A

the matrix

52
Q

what are the two types of cartilage

A

elastic and hyaline

53
Q

where is hyaline cartilage located?

A

at the ends of ribs

54
Q

where is elastic cartilage located?

A

makes up the external portion of the ears

55
Q

which type of cartilage tissue is more flexible?

A

elastic cartilage

56
Q

why is elastic cartilage more flexible than hyaline cartilage

A

because it contains more elastic fibers

57
Q

name of the space where chondrocytes are housed

A

lacuna

58
Q

6 properties of bone tissue

A

most rigid tissue, formed by osteoblasts, composed of calcium and phosphorus, provides support and protection, salt storage, and bone marrow forms blood cells

59
Q

when osteoblasts surround themselves in matrix, they become

A

osteocytes

60
Q

what makes up blood’s ECM

A

plasma

61
Q

what type of cells are found in blood

A

RBC, WBC, and fragments of platelets

62
Q

3 substances that blood transports

A

to transport hormones, nutrients, and waste products

63
Q

2 properties of muscle tissue

A

contractile, contains muscle fibers

64
Q

contractile property means that muscles

A

can contract and only move in one direction

65
Q

when a muscle contracts the muscle fibers

A

shorten and thicken

66
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

67
Q

4 properties of skeletal muscle tissue

A

attach to bones, have striations, are under voluntary control, and each cell contains more than one nucleus

68
Q

striations

A

perpendicular lines that run through muscle fibers and designate sarcomeres

69
Q

4 smooth muscle tissue properties

A

no striations, surrounds hollow internal organs, involuntary movement, and each cell contains only one nucleus

70
Q

4 cardiac muscle properties

A

only found in the heart, have some striations, cells are branches and connected, moves involuntary

71
Q

what 2 types of intercellular junctions are found in cardiac tissue?

A

gap junctions and desmosomes

72
Q

3 nervous tissue locations

A

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

73
Q

basic cell of nervous tissue

A

neuron

74
Q

type of intercellular junction found in nervous tissue

A

gap junctions

75
Q

nervous tissue function

A

sends signals to rapidly deliver info and determines responses

A&P Test 1 (5 decks)

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